{"id":9822,"date":"2025-11-05T12:01:26","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T15:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/?page_id=9822"},"modified":"2025-11-05T12:05:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T15:05:36","slug":"leandro-amaral-herrera-dr-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/leandro-amaral-herrera-dr-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Leandro Amaral Herrera\u00a0&#8211; DR"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8353 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2023\/01\/faixaposipa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"950\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2023\/01\/faixaposipa.jpg 950w, https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2023\/01\/faixaposipa-320x55.jpg 320w, https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2023\/01\/faixaposipa-768x132.jpg 768w, https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2023\/01\/faixaposipa-250x43.jpg 250w, https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2023\/01\/faixaposipa-550x94.jpg 550w, https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2023\/01\/faixaposipa-800x137.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span data-olk-copy-source=\"MessageBody\">Leandro Amaral Herrera<\/span><\/h2>\n<hr align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Em 25 de fevereiro de 2025 \u00e0s 13:30h, o aluno do programa de p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente do Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais IPA\u2013 SP, Leandro Amaral Herrera, defendeu sua tese intitulada, \u201cCaracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o das linhagens tetrasporof\u00edticas e gametof\u00edticas \u201cEdison de Paula\u201d de <em>Kappaphycus alvarezii<\/em> (Rhodophyta) cultivadas na Enseada de Ubatuba, SP\u201d, atrav\u00e9s de videoconfer\u00eancia. A sess\u00e3o p\u00fablica foi aberta pela Profa. Dra. Nair S. Yokoya, na qualidade de Orientadora e Presidente da Comiss\u00e3o Julgadora, e os membros da Banca examinadora foram os professores doutores: Wagner Valenti, Marcella Ara\u00fajo do Amaral Carneiro, Fabio Nauer da Silva e Kleber Campos Miranda Filho.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Os resultados da tese contribuem significativamente para o avan\u00e7o do conhecimento sobre o cultivo sustent\u00e1vel da macroalga <em>Kappaphycus alvarezii<\/em> e fornecem subs\u00eddios t\u00e9cnicos e cient\u00edficos ao fortalecimento da aquicultura marinha no litoral paulista e brasileiro.<\/p>\n<hr align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\">Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o das linhagens tetrasporof\u00edticas e gametof\u00edticas \u201cEdison de Paula\u201d de <em>Kappaphycus alvarezii<\/em> (Rhodophyta) cultivadas na Enseada de Ubatuba, SP<\/h3>\n<hr align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>RESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A macroalga marinha Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L.M. Liao (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) \u00e9 um importante recurso marinho para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o comercial de carragenana (polissacar\u00eddeo sulfatado), que \u00e9 utilizada nos setores aliment\u00edcio, cosm\u00e9tico e farmac\u00eautico. Nas regi\u00f5es Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, cultivo de K. alvarezii demonstra elevado potencial para a gera\u00e7\u00e3o de renda e o fortalecimento da economia local. H\u00e1 30 anos, os cultivos experimentais v\u00eam sendo conduzidos na Fazenda Marinha Experimental do Instituto de Pesca (EMFFI), Enseada de Ubatuba, no estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, enquanto iniciativas comerciais t\u00eam se expandido no sul do Rio de Janeiro e em Santa Catarina. Na EMFFI, foram identificadas linhagens espont\u00e2neas com distintas colora\u00e7\u00f5es, originadas do gamet\u00f3fito marrom-claro \u201cEdison de Paula \u2013 EP\u201d, cuja caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o permanece limitada. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento, produtividade, par\u00e2metros fotossintetizantes, vari\u00e1veis bioqu\u00edmicas (pigmentos, prote\u00ednas e carboidratos) e rendimentos da carragenana (teores de 3,6-anidrogalactose e de sulfatos) de quatro linhagens: tr\u00eas gamet\u00f3fitos EP; marrom-claro (E-br), verde-claro (E-lg) e amarelo-esverdeado (E-gy), e o tetraspor\u00f3fito marrom (T-br), que originou o gamet\u00f3fico EP marrom-claro. Amostras (n = 20) de cada linhagem foram coletadas ao final de cada ciclo de crescimento de 45 dias, ao longo de um ano, em balsa flutuante instalada no ambiente marinho. Os fatores abi\u00f3ticos, incluindo temperatura, salinidade, transpar\u00eancia da \u00e1gua e \u00edndices pluviom\u00e9tricos foram monitorados regularmente no entorno da \u00e1rea de cultivo. Inicialmente o estudo identificou que o &#8220;efeito de borda&#8221; do desenho experimental proposto impactou negativamente as taxas de crescimento, sendo mitigado por um novo arranjo metodol\u00f3gico fundamentado em estat\u00edstica e controle experimental. Diversos fatores interativos, ex\u00f3genos e end\u00f3genos, determinaram os padr\u00f5es de sazonalidade, impactando diretamente a taxa de crescimento e produtividade, que foi maior durante o ver\u00e3o. Nesse per\u00edodo, observou-se uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o nos n\u00edveis de prote\u00ednas sol\u00faveis totais e um aumento nos carotenoides totais, sugerindo adapta\u00e7\u00f5es fotoprotetoras. No inverno, os teores de carragenana foram mais elevados. Adicionalmente, nossos resultados destacam a influ\u00eancia da ploidia na determina\u00e7\u00e3o das respostas fisiol\u00f3gicas, com maiores quantidades de ficobiliprote\u00ednas observadas no tetraspor\u00f3fito, sugerindo sua influ\u00eancia nas maiores taxas de crescimento e refletindo para o aumento de produtividade. Ademais, os resultados apontam que as linhagens E-lg e E-gy apresentam maior similaridade entre si do que com a linhagem E-br (gamet\u00f3fito genitor), destacando-se que a linhagem E-gy apresenta maior efici\u00eancia fotossintetizante. Por outro lado, E-lg apresentou menores taxas de crescimento e concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de ficoeritrina. Surpreendentemente, os rendimentos de carragenana e conte\u00fado de sulfatos foram similares entre as linhagens, e variaram sazonalmente. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a import\u00e2ncia de integrar fatores gen\u00e9ticos, fisiol\u00f3gicos e sazonais no manejo sustent\u00e1vel de K. alvarezii.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Palavras-chave<\/strong>: Algicultura, Carragenana, Gamet\u00f3fitos, Pigmentos, Prote\u00ednas, Tetraspor\u00f3fitos<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The seaweed <em>Kappaphycus alvarezii<\/em> (Doty) L.M. Liao (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) is an important marine resource for the commercial production of carrageenan (sulfated polysaccharide) used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical sectors. Cultivation of <em>K. alvarezii<\/em> in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil demonstrates a high potential for generating income and strengthening the local economy. For 30 years, experimental cultivation has been conducted at the Experimental Marine Farm of the Fisheries Institute (EMFFI), Ubatuba Bay, S\u00e3o Paulo State, while commercial initiatives have expanded to the south of Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina state. In the EMFFI, spontaneous strains of different colors originating from the pale-brown gametophyte \u201cEdison de Paula \u2013 EP\u201d were identified, but their characterization have remained limited. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, productivity, photosynthetic parameters, biochemical variables (pigments, proteins and carbohydrates) and carrageenan properties (yield and 3,6-anhydrogalactose and sulfate contents) of four strains: three EP gametophytic strains: pale-brown (E-br), light-green (E-lg) and greenish-yellow (E-gy), and the brown tetrasporophyte (T-br), which originated the pale-brown EP gametophyte. Samples (n = 20) of each strain were collected at the end of each 45-day growth cycle over one year, on a floating frame installed in the marine environment. Abiotic factors, including temperature, salinity, water transparency, and rainfall, were regularly monitored around the cultivation area. Initially, the study identified that the &#8220;edge effect&#8221; of the proposed experimental design negatively impacted growth rates, which was mitigated by a new methodological arrangement based on statistics and experimental control. Several interactive factors, exogenous and endogenous, determined the seasonal patterns, directly impacting growth rate and productivity, which were higher during the summer. During this period, a reduction in the levels of total soluble proteins and an increase in total carotenoids were observed, suggesting photoprotective responses. In the winter, carrageenan levels were higher. Additionally, our results highlight the influence of ploidy in determining physiological responses since higher concentrations of phycobiliproteins were observed in the tetrasporophyte, suggesting their influence on\u00a0 higher growth rates and, consequently,\u00a0 increased productivity. The results show that E-lg and E-gy strains are more similar to each other than to E-br strain (the parental gametophyte), and E-gy strain has higher photosynthetic efficiency. On the other hand, E-lg strain\u00a0 showed lower growth rates and phycoerythrin concentrations. Surprisingly, the yields of carrageenan and its sulfate contentes were similar among strains, and varied seasonally. The results reinforce the importance of integrating genetic, physiological, and seasonal factors in the sustainable management of <em>K. alvarezii<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Keywords: Algiculture, Carrageenan, Gametophytes, Pigments, Proteins, Tetrasporophytes<\/p>\n<hr align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2025\/11\/leandro-amaral-herrera-dr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/2013\/09\/pdf_grande.gif\" alt=\"pdf_grande\" width=\"60\" height=\"60\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2025\/11\/leandro-amaral-herrera-dr.pdf\"><strong>Leandro Amaral Herrera<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2025\/11\/leandro-amaral-herrera-dr.pdf\">Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o das linhagens tetrasporof\u00edticas e gametof\u00edticas \u201cEdison de Paula\u201d de <em>Kappaphycus alvarezii<\/em> (Rhodophyta) cultivadas na Enseada de Ubatuba, SP<\/a><\/p>\n<hr align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"1\" width=\"100%\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/dissertacoesteses\/\">VOLTAR AS DISSERTA\u00c7\u00d5ES E TESES<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"1\" width=\"&quot;10&lt;\/p\" \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Leandro Amaral Herrera Em 25 de fevereiro de 2025 \u00e0s 13:30h, o aluno do programa de p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente do Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais IPA\u2013 SP, Leandro Amaral Herrera, defendeu sua tese intitulada, \u201cCaracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o das linhagens tetrasporof\u00edticas e gametof\u00edticas \u201cEdison de Paula\u201d de Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) cultivadas na Enseada de Ubatuba, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":187,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9822"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/187"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9822"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9827,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9822\/revisions\/9827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}