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Em 22 de setembro de 2023, o aluno Denner Rodrigues dos Santos do Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente do Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA) defendeu a disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de mestrado intitulada \u201cAplica\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edmero superabsorvente de poliacrilonitrila no fitotelma em plantas da brom\u00e9lia ornamental Aechmea blanchetiana<\/em> (Baker) L. B. Smith.\u201d<\/p>\n As brom\u00e9lias s\u00e3o plantas ornamentais de grande valor econ\u00f4mico e ecol\u00f3gico. A disposi\u00e7\u00e3o de suas folhas em roseta forma uma estrutura chamada tanque ou fitotelma, capaz de acumular \u00e1gua e nutrientes que podem ser utilizados pela planta e por pequenos organismos, realizando importante papel ecol\u00f3gico em ambiente natural. Contudo, em ambiente urbano, o tanque de brom\u00e9lias pode abrigar larvas de mosquitos vetores de doen\u00e7as. O uso de um pol\u00edmero superabsorvente (SAP) para reter \u00e1gua nesses tanques, formando um hidrogel, pode ser uma estrat\u00e9gia para prevenir a prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o desses mosquitos. O SAP produzido a partir da poliacrilonitrila (SAP\/PAN) \u00e9 um produto j\u00e1 utilizado na agricultura, n\u00e3o sendo prejudicial ao meio ambiente nem a fitossanidade das plantas, quando utilizado no substrato. No entanto, n\u00e3o foram identificados trabalhos que verificassem se a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de um SAP diretamente em contato com as folhas seria ben\u00e9fica \u00e0 planta, considerando a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o h\u00eddrica e nutricional que o fitotelma providencia. O objetivo deste trabalho \u00e9 avaliar os efeitos da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o do SAP\/PAN no tanque da brom\u00e9lia ornamental Aechmea blanchetiana <\/em>(Baker) L. B. Smith, investigando par\u00e2metros relacionados \u00e0 seca, d\u00e9ficit nutricional e estresse oxidativo nessa brom\u00e9lia. Para isso, foram conduzidos dois experimentos: O primeiro avaliou a toler\u00e2ncia da brom\u00e9lia A. blanchetiana<\/em> ao uso de SAP\/PAN em substitui\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 \u00e1gua no fitotelma, utilizando diferentes concentra\u00e7\u00f5es do pol\u00edmero, enquanto o segundo testou a efici\u00eancia do SAP\/PAN em prevenir sintomas de estresse h\u00eddrico em A. blanchetiana<\/em> submetida a um per\u00edodo de 42 dias sem irriga\u00e7\u00e3o. Foram avaliadas tr\u00eas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de SAP\/PAN (5 g.L-1<\/sup>, 10 g.L-1 <\/sup>e 15 g.L-1<\/sup>). A presen\u00e7a do SAP\/PAN no tanque n\u00e3o foi prejudicial para A. blanchetiana<\/em>, uma vez que, ap\u00f3s 42 dias, n\u00e3o induziu sintomas de estresse por seca ou de defici\u00eancia nutricional nas folhas, na regi\u00e3o da base e no \u00e1pice, nas plantas que foram mantidas irrigadas.\u00a0 Quando submetidas a um per\u00edodo de 42 dias de restri\u00e7\u00e3o h\u00eddrica, as brom\u00e9lias A. blanchetiana<\/em> sobreviveram \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es, sendo que os tratamentos que receberam SAP\/PAN no fitotelma apresentando menor ocorr\u00eancia de sintomas de estresse h\u00eddrico em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com as plantas sem essa subst\u00e2ncia. A aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de SAP\/PAN na concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de 5 g.L-1 <\/sup>no tanque possibilitou a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do equil\u00edbrio h\u00eddrico, preservando os valores de conte\u00fado relativo de \u00e1gua e potencial osm\u00f3tico, enquanto as plantas sem SAP\/PAN apresentaram redu\u00e7\u00f5es significativas nesses par\u00e2metros. Na situa\u00e7\u00e3o de suspens\u00e3o da irriga\u00e7\u00e3o, os teores de clorofila e carotenoides aumentaram no \u00e1pice das folhas das plantas mantidas sem SAP\/PAN e com SAP\/PAN a 10 g.L-1 <\/sup>e 15 g.L-1<\/sup>, indicando a resposta fisiol\u00f3gica \u00e0 sobreviv\u00eancia em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de seca. Na aus\u00eancia de rega, as atividades das enzimas antioxidantes SOD, CAT e APx foram mais elevadas nas plantas mantidas sem SAP\/PAN, especialmente na regi\u00e3o do \u00e1pice, sugerindo uma resposta de defesa antioxidante, enquanto o tratamento com SAP\/PAN a 5 g.L-1 <\/sup>preservou a atividade dessas enzimas. Esses resultados mostram a efici\u00eancia do uso de SAP\/PAN no tanque de A. blanchetiana<\/em> em mitigar os efeitos do estresse h\u00eddrico e proteger a planta de danos oxidativos. Este estudo aponta para o potencial uso do SAP\/PAN no tanque de brom\u00e9lias ornamentais com duas finalidades: como medida de controle de larvas de mosquitos e para prevenir sintomas de seca, com uma concentra\u00e7\u00e3o eficaz de 5 g.L-1 <\/sup>sendo necess\u00e1rias pesquisas adicionais para aprimorar as t\u00e9cnicas de manejo e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o, criando subs\u00eddios para testar a viabilidade de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o do SAP\/PAN em outras esp\u00e9cies de brom\u00e9lias de valor ornamental, com vistas \u00e0 redu\u00e7\u00e3o da prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o de mosquitos vetores de doen\u00e7as.<\/p>\n Palavras-chave:<\/strong> Bromeliaceae; Tanque; Pol\u00edmero Superabsorvente; Larva de Mosquito; Seca<\/p>\n ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n Bromeliads are ornamental plants of great economic and ecological value. The arrangement of their leaves in a rosette forms a structure called a tank or phytotelma, capable of accumulating water and nutrients that can be used by the plant and small organisms, playing an important ecological role in natural environments. However, in urban environments, bromeliad tanks can harbor mosquito larvae that are vectors of diseases. The use of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) to retain water in these tanks, forming a hydrogel, may be a strategy to prevent the proliferation of these mosquitoes. The SAP produced from polyacrylonitrile (SAP\/PAN) is a product already used in agriculture and is not harmful to the environment or the phytosanitary status of plants when used in the substrate. However, no studies have identified whether the application of SAP directly in contact with the leaves would benefit the plant, considering the water and nutritional maintenance that the phytotelma provides. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of SAP\/PAN application in the tank of the ornamental bromeliad Aechmea blanchetiana<\/em> (Baker) L. B. Smith, investigating parameters related to drought, nutritional deficiency, and oxidative stress in this bromeliad. To do this, two experiments were conducted: the first evaluated the tolerance of A. blanchetiana<\/em> to the use of SAP\/PAN in place of water in the phytotelma, using different concentrations of the polymer, while the second tested the efficiency of SAP\/PAN in preventing drought stress symptoms in A. blanchetiana<\/em> subjected to a 42-day period without irrigation. Three concentrations of SAP\/PAN (5 g.L-1<\/sup>, 10 g.L-1<\/sup>, and 15 g.L-1<\/sup>) were evaluated. The presence of SAP\/PAN in the tank was not detrimental to A. blanchetiana<\/em> since, after 42 days, it did not induce symptoms of drought stress or nutritional deficiency in the leaves, at the base, or at the apex, in the irrigated plants. When subjected to a 42-day period of water restriction, A. blanchetiana<\/em> bromeliads survived the conditions, with treatments that received SAP\/PAN in the phytotelma showing a lower occurrence of drought stress symptoms compared to plants without this substance. The application of SAP\/PAN at a concentration of 5 g.L-1<\/sup> in the tank allowed for the maintenance of water balance, preserving the values of relative water content and osmotic potential, while plants without SAP\/PAN showed significant reductions in these parameters. In the absence of irrigation, the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids increased at the apex of the leaves of plants kept without SAP\/PAN and with SAP\/PAN at 10 g.L-1 <\/sup>and 15 g.L-1<\/sup>, indicating a physiological response to survival in drought conditions. In the absence of watering, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and APx were higher in plants kept without SAP\/PAN, especially at the apex, suggesting an antioxidant defense response, while treatment with SAP\/PAN at 5 g.L-1<\/sup> preserved the activity of these enzymes. These results demonstrate the efficiency of using SAP\/PAN in the tank of A. blanchetiana<\/em> to mitigate the effects of drought stress and protect the plant from oxidative damage. This study points to the potential use of SAP\/PAN in the tanks of ornamental bromeliads for two purposes: as a measure to control mosquito larvae and to prevent drought symptoms, with an effective concentration of 5 g.L-1<\/sup>. Further research is needed to refine management and application techniques, providing insights for testing the feasibility of SAP\/PAN application in other species of ornamental bromeliads, with the aim of reducing the proliferation of disease-carrying mosquitoes.<\/p>\n Keywords:<\/strong> Bromeliaceae; Tank; Superabsorbent polymer; Mosquito larvae; Drought<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/smastr16.blob.core.windows.net\/pgibt\/sites\/242\/2025\/03\/denner-rodrigues-dos-santos-ms.jpg\")
A banca examinadora foi presidida pela orientadora, Dra. Catarina Carvalho Nievola (Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais), e foi composta pela Dr. Cl\u00e1udio Jos\u00e9 Barbedo (Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais) e Dr. Evandro Alves Vieira (Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico VALE).<\/p>\n
\nAplica\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edmero superabsorvente de poliacrilonitrila no fitotelma em plantas da brom\u00e9lia ornamental Aechmea blanchetiana<\/em> (Baker) L. B. Smith<\/h3>\n
\nRESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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<\/a>Denner Rodrigues dos Santos<\/a>
\nAplica\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edmero superabsorvente de poliacrilonitrila no fitotelma em plantas da brom\u00e9lia ornamental Aechmea blanchetiana<\/em> (Baker) L. B. Smith<\/a><\/p>\n
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