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Em 14 de dezembro de 2023, a aluna Natalia S\u00eaneda Martarello do Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente do Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA) defendeu a tese de doutorado intitulada \u201cPoliniza\u00e7\u00e3o e recursos florais de Calophyllum brasiliense<\/em> Cambess. (Calophyllaceae J.Agardh) e Garcinia gardneriana<\/em> (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae Lindl.) para abelhas ind\u00edgenas do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil\u201d.<\/p>\n A banca examinadora foi presidida pela orientadora, Dra. Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz, e foi composta pela Dra. Rosangela Sim\u00e3o Bianchini (Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais), Dra. Kayna Agostini (Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos), Dra. Paula de Souza S\u00e3o Thiago Cala\u00e7a (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Ezequiel Dias) e Dr. Eduardo Custodio Gasparino (Universidade Estadual Paulista).<\/p>\n Considerando a import\u00e2ncia da preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), relevante remanescente urbano de Mata Atl\u00e2ntica em S\u00e3o Paulo, foram analisados os aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de duas esp\u00e9cies ocorrentes na \u00e1rea, Calophyllum brasiliense<\/em> Cambess. (Calophyllaceae J.Agardh) e Garcinia gardneriana<\/em> (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae Lindl.). Ambas s\u00e3o esp\u00e9cies vegetais nativas n\u00e3o end\u00eamicas do Brasil. As flores dos g\u00eaneros Calophyllum <\/em>e Garcinia <\/em>s\u00e3o visitadas por abelhas Meliponini e apresentam resinas vegetais que podem ser utilizadas na elabora\u00e7\u00e3o da geopr\u00f3polis. Em C. brasiliense<\/em>, esp\u00e9cie polin\u00edfera, h\u00e1 secre\u00e7\u00e3o de resina por meio de inj\u00farias causadas em sua casca do caule, enquanto em G. gardneriana<\/em>, esp\u00e9cie nectar\u00edfera, h\u00e1 secre\u00e7\u00e3o de material resin\u00edfero por meio de inj\u00farias causadas \u00e0s suas flores. Era esperado que os visitantes florais, assim como os principais polinizadores das duas esp\u00e9cies vegetais, fossem pequenos insetos e abelhas, dentre elas, Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides <\/em>(Lepeletier 1836), cujas col\u00f4nias s\u00e3o mantidas no melipon\u00e1rio existente no local de estudo. A tribo Meliponini compreende as abelhas sociais sem ferr\u00e3o (abelhas ind\u00edgenas) que desempenham um importante papel na poliniza\u00e7\u00e3o de esp\u00e9cies nativas. Melipona quadrifasciata<\/em> \u00e9 considerada uma esp\u00e9cie generalista, por\u00e9m apresenta prefer\u00eancias alimentares (coleta de p\u00f3len e\/ou n\u00e9ctar) por esp\u00e9cies de Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae e Solanaceae. Para a comprova\u00e7\u00e3o palinol\u00f3gica da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de C. brasiliense<\/em> e G. gardneriana <\/em>como fonte para o mel e\/ou p\u00f3len utilizado na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o das abelhas M. quadrifasciata anthidioides<\/em>, bem como na produ\u00e7\u00e3o da geopr\u00f3polis, foram coletadas amostras desses produtos de col\u00f4nias do melipon\u00e1rio em v\u00e1rios meses entre os anos de 2017 e 2020. Como principais resultados, ao contr\u00e1rio do esperado, n\u00e3o foram observados indiv\u00edduos de M.<\/em> quadrifasciata anthidioides <\/em>em visitas \u00e0s flores das duas esp\u00e9cies vegetais, bem como n\u00e3o foram observados seus gr\u00e3os de p\u00f3len no mel, p\u00f3len de corb\u00edcula e geopr\u00f3polis produzidos por essas abelhas. Os principais polinizadores de C. brasiliense<\/em> no PEFI foram Apis mellifera<\/em>, Paratrigona subnuda<\/em>, Tetragonisca angustula<\/em> e Halictidae sp.1, e o de G. gardneriana<\/em> foi Plebeia droryana<\/em>. No PEFI, M. quadrifasciata anthidioides<\/em> forrageou n\u00e9ctar em esp\u00e9cies de 44 fam\u00edlias, sendo a principal fonte nectar\u00edfera o Eucalyptus<\/em> (planta ex\u00f3tica), com demais tipos pol\u00ednicos relevantes oriundos de plantas nectar\u00edferas nativas, principalmente de Agonandra excelsa<\/em>, Alchornea<\/em>, Anadenanthera colubrina<\/em>, Andira\/Dalbergia\/Machaerium<\/em>, Arrabidaea\/Lundia<\/em>, Baccharis<\/em>, Distimake macrocalyx<\/em>, Piptadenia gonoacantha<\/em>, Scoparia<\/em>, Serjania<\/em>, Sloanea<\/em>, Vernonia <\/em>e Zornia<\/em>. Com rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao p\u00f3len de corb\u00edcula, observaram-se tipos pol\u00ednicos de 30 fam\u00edlias bot\u00e2nicas, sendo os de maior frequ\u00eancia de ocorr\u00eancia Myrcia\/Psidium<\/em>, Melastomataceae\/Combretaceae e Eucalyptus<\/em>, respectivamente. O espectro palinol\u00f3gico da geopr\u00f3polis apresentou grande riqueza, com tipos pol\u00ednicos de Gymnospermae e Angiospermae e de esporos de Bryophyta e Monilophyta, abrangendo 66 fam\u00edlias. Eucalyptus<\/em> e Melastomataceae\/Combretaceae foram \u201cMuito frequentes\u201d nas amostras. As esp\u00e9cies vegetais do PEFI, correlacionadas aos tipos pol\u00ednicos observados nos produtos coloniais de M. quadrifasciata anthidioides<\/em>, podem ter se beneficiado da poliniza\u00e7\u00e3o promovida por esta abelha, o que \u00e9 fundamental para a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de suas popula\u00e7\u00f5es, evidenciando a import\u00e2ncia da rela\u00e7\u00e3o interespec\u00edfica.<\/p>\n Palavras-chave: <\/strong>An\u00e1lise pol\u00ednica, Biologia reprodutiva, Geopr\u00f3polis, Manda\u00e7aia, Meliponini, P\u00f3len, N\u00e9ctar.<\/p>\n ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n Considering the importance of preserving the vegetation in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), a significant urban remnant of the Atlantic Forest in S\u00e3o Paulo, we analyzed the reproductive biology aspects of two species occurring in the area, Calophyllum brasiliense<\/em> Cambess. (Calophyllaceae J.Agardh) and Garcinia gardneriana<\/em> (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae Lindl.). Both are non-endemic native plant species in Brazil. The flowers of the Calophyllum<\/em> and Garcinia<\/em> genera are visited by Meliponini bees and produce plant resins that can be used in the production of geopropolis. In C. brasiliense<\/em>, a polliniferous species, resin is secreted through injuries to its stem bark, while in G. gardneriana<\/em>, a nectariferous species, resinous material is secreted through injuries to its flowers. It was expected that the floral visitors, as well as the primary pollinators of the two plant species, would be small insects and bees, including Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides<\/em> (Lepeletier 1836), whose colonies are maintained in the existing meliponary at the study site. The Meliponini tribe comprises stingless social bees (native bees) that play a crucial role in the pollination of native species. Melipona quadrifasciata<\/em> is considered a generalist species but exhibits dietary preferences (pollen and\/or nectar collection) for Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, and Solanaceae species. To provide palynological evidence of the use of C. brasiliense<\/em> and G. gardneriana<\/em> as a source for honey and\/or pollen used in the diet of M. quadrifasciata anthidioides<\/em> bees, as well as in the production of geopropolis, samples of these colony products were collected over various months between 2017 and 2020. As the main results, contrary to expectations, individuals of M. quadrifasciata anthidioides<\/em> were not observed visiting the flowers of the two plant species, and their pollen grains were not found in the honey, corbicula pollen, or geopropolis produced by these bees. The primary pollinators of C. brasiliense <\/em>in PEFI were Apis mellifera<\/em>, Paratrigona subnuda<\/em>, Tetragonisca angustula<\/em>, and Halictidae sp.1, while the primary pollinator of G. gardneriana <\/em>was Plebeia droryana<\/em>. In PEFI, M. quadrifasciata anthidioides <\/em>foraged nectar from species belonging to 44 plant families, with the primary nectar source being Eucalyptus<\/em> (an exotic plant), and other relevant pollen types originating from native nectariferous plants, mainly from Agonandra excelsa<\/em>, Alchornea<\/em>, Anadenanthera<\/em> colubrina<\/em>, Andira<\/em>\/Dalbergia<\/em>\/Machaerium<\/em>, Arrabidaea<\/em>\/Lundia<\/em>, Baccharis<\/em>, Distimake<\/em> macrocalyx<\/em>, Piptadenia<\/em> gonoacantha<\/em>, Scoparia<\/em>, Serjania<\/em>, Sloanea<\/em>, Vernonia <\/em>and Zornia<\/em>. Regarding corbicular pollen, pollen types from 30 plant families were observed, with the most frequent types being Myrcia<\/em>\/Psidium<\/em>, Melastomataceae\/Combretaceae, and Eucalyptus<\/em>, respectively. The palynological spectrum of geopropolis exhibited significant diversity, with pollen types from Gymnospermae and Angiospermae, as well as spores from Bryophyta and Monilophyta, covering 66 plant families. Eucalyptus<\/em> and Melastomataceae\/Combretaceae were “Very frequent” in the samples. The plant species in PEFI correlated with the pollen types observed in the colonial products of M. quadrifasciata anthidioides<\/em> may have benefited from the pollination provided by this bee, which is essential for the maintenance of their populations, highlighting the importance of interspecific relationships.<\/p>\n Keywords:<\/strong> Geopropolis, Manda\u00e7aia, Meliponini, Nectar, Pollen, Pollen analysis, Reproductive biology.<\/p>\n Natalia Seneda Martarello<\/strong>
\nPoliniza\u00e7\u00e3o e recursos florais de Calophyllum brasiliense<\/em> Cambess. (Calophyllaceae J.Agardh) e Garcinia gardneriana<\/em> (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae Lindl.) para abelhas ind\u00edgenas do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil<\/h3>\n
\nRESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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\nPoliniza\u00e7\u00e3o e recursos florais de Calophyllum brasiliense<\/em> Cambess. (Calophyllaceae J.Agardh) e Garcinia gardneriana<\/em> (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae Lindl.) para abelhas ind\u00edgenas do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil<\/p>\n
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