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Em 29 de Setembro de 2023, Denis Augusto Zabin defendeu sua disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de mestrado intitulada \u201cDiversidade e crescimento micelial in vitro de cogumelos comest\u00edveis silvestres Favolus<\/em> spp. (Polyporaceae, Agaricomycetes)\u201d, no programa de p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente do Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (IPA). A banca da defesa foi formada pelos pesquisadores: Dr. Nelson Menolli Junior (orientador), Dr. Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos e a Dra. Viviana Motato-V\u00e1squez.<\/p>\n O estudo teve como objetivo a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da diversidade e rela\u00e7\u00f5es filogen\u00e9ticas do g\u00eanero Favolus <\/em>na Mata Atl\u00e2ntica da regi\u00e3o Sudeste do Brasil, com base em novas cole\u00e7\u00f5es e sequ\u00eancias. Al\u00e9m disso, a partir da obten\u00e7\u00e3o de novos isolados silvestres das esp\u00e9cies Favolus brasiliensis<\/em>, Favolus rugulosus<\/em> e Favolus<\/em> sp. nov., foram avaliadas as melhores combina\u00e7\u00f5es de temperatura e meios de cultura s\u00f3lidos para o crescimento micelial em di\u00e2metro in vitro <\/em>e a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biomassa.<\/p>\n Favolus <\/span>is a monophyletic genus of polypores with a worldwide distribution that causes white rot decomposition of dead wood of various plant species and that can be characterized macromorphologically by the fleshy and laterally stipitate basidiomata, with mostly angular and radially elongated pores. In addition to its ecological importance, the genus is economically important, being a source of food, as a wild edible mushroom for different traditional communities around the world, among them, the Yanomami people of the Brazilian Amazon, who make use of the species <\/span>Favolus brasiliensis<\/span>, <\/span>F. radiatifibrillosus <\/span>and <\/span>F. yanomami <\/span>in their diet. Considering the still little-explored fungal diversity in Brazil and the potential as food and for the commercial cultivation of <\/span>Favolus <\/span>species, collections were carried out in areas of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil to obtain new specimens and new isolates, aiming to elucidate the diversity of the genus in the region and for testing the effect of different growth factors on the <\/span>in vitro <\/span>mycelium growth. Morphological analyses of the collected materials and multigenic phylogenetic analyses (ITS, nucLSU, <\/span>TEF1 <\/span>and <\/span>RPB1<\/span>) were carried out. Eightyseven new sequences from <\/span>Favolus <\/span>spp. were generated (35 ITS, 25 nucLSU, 19 <\/span>TEF1 <\/span>and 8 <\/span>RPB1<\/span>). Two new species are proposed based on morphology and multigene phylogenies: <\/span>Favolus brunneofibrillosus<\/span>, which is phylogenetically and morphologically close to <\/span>F. yanomamii<\/span>, and <\/span>F. glaucovelutinus<\/span>, which forms a sister clade to <\/span>F. rugulosus<\/span>. Furthermore, based on type sequences deposited in GenBank, it was possible to elucidate the phylogenetic positioning of <\/span>F. elongoporus <\/span>and the combination of <\/span>Polyporus laetiporoides <\/span>in <\/span>Favolus <\/span>is proposed. Pure cultures of <\/span>Favolus brasiliensis<\/span>, <\/span>F. rugulosus <\/span>and <\/span>F. brunneofibrillosus <\/span>were tested to evaluate the mycelial growth velocity and biomass production at different temperatures (20 \u00baC, 25 \u00baC, 30 \u00baC and 35 \u00baC) and solid culture media (Potato Dextrose Agar, Malt Yeast Peptone Agar, Yeast Glucose Agar and Soy Agar). The best temperatures for the mycelium growth and biomass production for the studied strains were either 25 \u00b0C or 30 \u00b0C, and all the strains were able to grow on all tested solid culture media. The <\/span>F. brasiliensis <\/span>wild strain CCIBt 4770 achieved the best mycelium growth overall, with the best combinations of culture media and temperature being either MYPA or YGA at 25 \u00baC, and this strain should be prioritized for future domestication studies. For the <\/span>F. brunneofibrillosus <\/span>wild strain CCIBt 4769, the combinations related to the best growth were either MYPA or PDA at 25 \u00baC or 30 \u00baC. Finally, the <\/span>F. rugulosus <\/span>wild strain CCIBt 4784 performed at its best when growing on the SOY medium at 30 \u00baC. The results obtained in this work contributed to the understanding of the diversity of the genus <\/span>Favolus <\/span>in Brazil and may serve as a basis for future domestication studies for the edible species of the genus.<\/span><\/p>\n Keywords: <\/span><\/strong>Atlantic Forest; mushroom cultivation; phylogeny; taxonomy; <\/span>Favolus brasiliensis<\/span>; <\/span>Favolus rugulosus<\/span><\/p>\n Favolus <\/span>\u00e9 um g\u00eanero monofil\u00e9tico de pol\u00edporos distribu\u00eddos mundialmente que causam a decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o do tipo podrid\u00e3o branca da madeira morta de diversas esp\u00e9cies vegetais, e cujos representantes podem ser caracterizados macromorfologicamente pelos basidiomas carnosos, lateralmente estipitados e, em sua maioria, pelo himen\u00f3foro com poros angulares e radialmente alongados<\/span>. <\/span>Al\u00e9m de sua import\u00e2ncia ecol\u00f3gica, o g\u00eanero \u00e9 importante economicamente, sendo fonte de alimento, como cogumelo comest\u00edvel silvestre, para diferentes comunidades tradicionais mundo afora, dentre elas, o povo Yanomami da Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira, que faz uso das esp\u00e9cies <\/span>Favolus brasiliensis<\/span>, <\/span>F. radiatifibrillosus <\/span>e <\/span>F. yanomamii <\/span>em sua dieta<\/span>. <\/span>Considerando a diversidade ainda pouco explorada dos fungos no Brasil e o potencial aliment\u00edcio e para o cultivo comercial de esp\u00e9cies de <\/span>Favolus<\/span>, coletas foram realizadas em \u00e1reas de Mata Atl\u00e2ntica do Sudeste brasileiro para obten\u00e7\u00e3o de novos esp\u00e9cimes e novos isolados miceliais visando a elucida\u00e7\u00e3o da diversidade do g\u00eanero na regi\u00e3o e a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos testes de crescimento micelial <\/span>in vitro<\/span>. An\u00e1lises morfol\u00f3gicas dos materiais coletados e an\u00e1lises filogen\u00e9ticas multig\u00eanicas (ITS, nucLSU, <\/span>TEF1 <\/span>e <\/span>RPB1<\/span>) foram realizadas visando a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do \u201ccomplexo de esp\u00e9cies\u201d <\/span>F. brasiliensis <\/span>e a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o e o posicionamento filogen\u00e9tico dos materiais coletados e dos isolados obtidos. Foram geradas 87 novas sequ\u00eancias de <\/span>Favolus <\/span>spp. (35 ITS, 25 nucLSU, 19 <\/span>TEF1 <\/span>e 8 <\/span>RPB1<\/span>). Duas esp\u00e9cies novas s\u00e3o propostas com base em an\u00e1lises morfol\u00f3gicas e filogen\u00e9ticas moleculares: <\/span>Favolus brunneofibrillosus<\/span>, filogeneticamente e morfologicamente pr\u00f3xima a <\/span>F. yanomamii<\/span>, e <\/span>F. glaucovelutinus<\/span>, que forma um clado irm\u00e3o a <\/span>F. rugulosus<\/span>. Al\u00e9m disso, com base em sequ\u00eancias de tipos depositadas no GenBank, foi poss\u00edvel elucidar o posicionamento filogen\u00e9tico de <\/span>F. elongoporus <\/span>e propor a combina\u00e7\u00e3o de <\/span>Polyporus laetiporoides <\/span>em <\/span>Favolus<\/span>. Culturas puras de <\/span>Favolus brasiliensis<\/span>, <\/span>F<\/span>. <\/span>brunneofibrillosus <\/span>e <\/span>F. rugulosus <\/span>foram submetidas aos testes para avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da velocidade de crescimento micelial e produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biomassa <\/span>in vitro <\/span>em diferentes temperaturas (20 \u00baC, 25 \u00baC, 30 \u00baC e 35 \u00baC) e meios de cultura [Batata Dextrose \u00c1gar (BDA), Malte Levedura Peptona \u00c1gar (MLPA), Levedura Glicose \u00c1gar (LGA) e \u00c1gar Soja]. As melhores temperaturas para o crescimento micelial e produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biomassa para os isolados estudados foram 25 \u00b0C ou 30 \u00b0C, e todos foram capazes de crescer em todos os meios de cultura testados. O isolado de <\/span>F. brasiliensis <\/span>CCIBt 4770 obteve o melhor crescimento micelial em geral, com as melhores combina\u00e7\u00f5es de meio de cultura e temperatura sendo MLPA ou LGA a 25 \u00baC, e o isolado pode ser priorizado para futuros estudos de domestica\u00e7\u00e3o. Para o isolado CCIBt 4769 de <\/span>F. brunneofibrillosus<\/span>, as combina\u00e7\u00f5es relacionadas ao melhor crescimento foram MLPA ou BDA a 25 \u00baC ou 30 \u00baC. Finalmente, o isolado CCIBt 4784 de <\/span>F. rugulosus <\/span>apresentou seu melhor desempenho quando cultivado em meio \u00c1gar Soja a 30 \u00baC. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho contribu\u00edram com o entendimento da diversidade do g\u00eanero <\/span>Favolus <\/span>no Brasil e poder\u00e3o servir como base para pr\u00f3ximos estudos de domestica\u00e7\u00e3o para esp\u00e9cies comest\u00edveis do g\u00eanero.<\/span><\/p>\n Palavras-chave: <\/span><\/strong>cultivo de cogumelos; filogenia; Mata Atl\u00e2ntica; <\/span>Polyporaceae<\/span>; <\/span>Favolus brasiliensis; Favolus rugulosus<\/span>; taxonomia.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nDiversidade e crescimento micelial in vitro<\/em> de cogumelos comest\u00edveis silvestres Favolus<\/em> spp. (Polyporaceae, Agaricomycetes<\/em>)<\/h3>\n
\nABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h4>\n
RESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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D<\/strong><\/a>enis Augusto Zabin<\/b><\/span><\/strong><\/a>
\nDiversidade e crescimento micelial in vitro<\/em> de cogumelos comest\u00edveis silvestres Favolus<\/em> spp. (Polyporaceae<\/em>, Agaricomycetes<\/em>)<\/a><\/p>\n
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