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Em 16 de junho de 2020, Matheus Casarini Siqueira, aluno de mestrado do Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente do Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de S\u00e3o Paulo, bolsista FAPESP, por meio de videoconfer\u00eancia devido ao isolamento social causado pela pandemia do COVID-19, defendeu sua Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de Mestrado intitulada, \u201cEfeito de diferentes concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de cobre no crescimento e desenvolvimento de esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas nativas da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n A banca examinadora foi presidida pelo seu orientador Dr. Armando Reis Tavares (Instituto Agron\u00f4mico \u2013 IAC) e composta pela Dra. Marisa Domingos (N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Ecologia \u2013 IBt) e pelo Dr. Mauricio Lamano Ferreira (UNASP).<\/span><\/p>\n ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal and an essential micronutrient required for plant growth and development. Copper plays roles in biochemical reactions of electron transfers (redox), photosynthetic reactions, and is a structural component of vital metalloproteins and enzymes. Despite its essentiality, high Cu levels in soils can cause phytoxicity, restricting plant growth and can be harmful to the environment. Soil pollution by heavy metals (such as copper) is mainly caused by anthropogenic sources, such as atmospheric deposition of particulate matter and agricultural activities, and is one of the most worldwide environmental concerns. Due to its proximity with the emission sources, urban forest fragments are highly affected by the excessive input of heavy metals into the soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of the native Atlantic Forest tree species (Schinus terebinthifolia<\/em> Raddi and Eugenia uniflora<\/em> L.) when cultivated in soils contaminated with increasing copper concentrations. The plants were cultivated in soils of an urban forest within S\u00e3o Paulo City, S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil contaminated with 0 (control), 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg Cu kg-1<\/sup> soil. Height and stem diameter were analyzed as morphological parameters, while Cu content in plant tissues, translocation index, bioaccumulation factor, photosynthetic pigment contents, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured to evaluate the physiological alterations by copper stress. Enzymatic (superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid and glutathione) antioxidants were quantified to assess the biochemical responses of the species. The results showed that when cultivated in copper contaminated soils, the species presented high uptake and accumulation of copper in roots with low translocation rates to aerial parts; however, S. terebinthifolia<\/em> showed higher copper restriction in roots than E. uniflora<\/em>. S. terebinthifolia<\/em> and E. uniflora<\/em> showed different responses to leaf gas exchange. The species showed no change in chlorophyll fluorescence or photosynthetic pigment content. The species also showed no difference for the levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. S. terebinthifolia<\/em> showed reduction in leaf biomass production, while E. uniflora<\/em> showed reduction in height growth. The species showed high tolerance and great capacity for Cu uptake. The restriction of copper in roots reveals to be the principal mechanism of protection of S. terebinthifolia<\/em> and E. uniflora<\/em> against copper stress. S. terebinthifolia<\/em> shows potential to be indicated as a copper phytostabilizer.<\/p>\n Keywords:<\/strong> Eugenia uniflora<\/em>, heavy metal, phytotoxicity, plant physiology, pollution, Schinus terebinthifolia<\/em>, tree<\/p>\n RESUMO<\/strong><\/p>\n O cobre (Cu) \u00e9 um metal pesado e micronutriente essencial necess\u00e1rio para o crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal. O cobre desempenha pap\u00e9is cruciais em rea\u00e7\u00f5es bioqu\u00edmicas de transfer\u00eancia de el\u00e9trons (redox), rea\u00e7\u00f5es fotossint\u00e9ticas e \u00e9 componente estrutural de metaloprote\u00ednas e enzimas. Entretanto, altos n\u00edveis de cobre nos solos podem causar fitotoxidez, limitando o crescimento das plantas e ser prejudicial ao meio ambiente. A polui\u00e7\u00e3o do solo por metais pesados (como o cobre) \u00e9 causada principalmente por fontes antropog\u00eanicas, como deposi\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica de material particulado e atividades agr\u00edcolas, e \u00e9 uma das maiores preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais em todo o mundo. Devido \u00e0 sua proximidade com as fontes emissoras, os fragmentos florestais urbanos s\u00e3o altamente afetados pela entrada excessiva de metais pesados no solo. Portanto, o estudo objetivou avaliar as respostas morfol\u00f3gicas, fisiol\u00f3gicas e bioqu\u00edmicas das esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas nativas da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica, Schinus terebinthifolia <\/em>Raddi e Eugenia uniflora <\/em>L., cultivadas em solos contaminados com concentra\u00e7\u00f5es crescentes de cobre. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos contendo solo coletado de floresta urbana na cidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brasil, contaminado com adi\u00e7\u00e3o de 0 (controle), 60, 120, 180 ou 240 mg Cu kg-1<\/sup> solo. Altura e di\u00e2metro do caule foram analisados como par\u00e2metros morfol\u00f3gicos, enquanto que o crescimento, teor de cobre nos tecidos vegetais, \u00edndice de transloca\u00e7\u00e3o, fator de bioacumula\u00e7\u00e3o, teor de pigmentos, trocas gasosas foliares e fluoresc\u00eancia da clorofila foram analisados para avaliar as altera\u00e7\u00f5es fisiol\u00f3gicas. Os antioxidantes enzim\u00e1ticos (super\u00f3xido dismutase) e n\u00e3o enzim\u00e1ticos (\u00e1cido asc\u00f3rbico e glutationa) foram quantificados para avaliar as respostas bioqu\u00edmicas das esp\u00e9cies. Os resultados mostraram que, quando cultivadas em solos contaminados, as esp\u00e9cies apresentaram alta absor\u00e7\u00e3o e ac\u00famulo de cobre nas ra\u00edzes, com baixas taxas de transloca\u00e7\u00e3o para a parte a\u00e9rea; contudo, S. terebinthifolia <\/em>apresentou maior restri\u00e7\u00e3o de cobre nas ra\u00edzes que E. uniflora<\/em>. S. terebinthifolia <\/em>e E. uniflora <\/em>apresentaram respostas distintas para as trocas gasosas foliares. As esp\u00e9cies n\u00e3o apresentaram altera\u00e7\u00e3o na fluoresc\u00eancia da clorofila ou no conte\u00fado de pigmentos fotossint\u00e9ticos. As esp\u00e9cies tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o apresentaram diferen\u00e7as para os teores de antioxidantes enzim\u00e1ticos e n\u00e3o enzim\u00e1ticos. S. terebinthifolia <\/em>apresentou redu\u00e7\u00e3o na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biomassa foliar, enquanto E. uniflora <\/em>apresentou redu\u00e7\u00e3o no crescimento em altura. As esp\u00e9cies demonstraram alta toler\u00e2ncia e capacidade de extra\u00e7\u00e3o de cobre do solo, sendo que a restri\u00e7\u00e3o de cobre nas ra\u00edzes se revela como o principal mecanismo de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de S. terebinthifolia <\/em>e E. uniflora <\/em>contra o estresse por cobre. A esp\u00e9cie pioneira S. terebinthifolia <\/em>apresenta potencial para ser indicada como fitoestabilizadora de cobre.<\/p>\n Palavras-chave:<\/strong> Arb\u00f3reo, Eugenia uniflora<\/em>, fisiologia vegetal, fitotoxicidade, metal pesado, polui\u00e7\u00e3o, Schinus terebinthifolia<\/em><\/p>\n
\nEfeito de diferentes concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de cobre no crescimento e desenvolvimento de esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas nativas da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica<\/h3>\n
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<\/a>Matheus Casarini Siqueira<\/strong><\/a>
\nEfeito de diferentes concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de cobre no crescimento e desenvolvimento de esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas nativas da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica<\/a><\/p>\n
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