{"id":7193,"date":"2019-10-08T11:13:06","date_gmt":"2019-10-08T14:13:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/?page_id=7193"},"modified":"2019-10-08T11:13:06","modified_gmt":"2019-10-08T14:13:06","slug":"marco-aurelio-mata-goncalves-torres-ms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/dissertacoesteses\/marco-aurelio-mata-goncalves-torres-ms\/","title":{"rendered":"Marco Aur\u00e9lio Mata Gon\u00e7alves Torres MS"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"faixapos6\"<\/a><\/h2>\n
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Marco Aur\u00e9lio Mata Gon\u00e7alves Torres<\/h2>\n
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Bambus s\u00e3o gram\u00edneas heli\u00f3filas ou de luz seletiva que podem tornam-se esp\u00e9cies dominantes devido \u00e0 sua alta efici\u00eancia competitiva, plasticidade em tra\u00e7os funcionais inibi\u00e7\u00e3o da regenera\u00e7\u00e3o de esp\u00e9cies do subosque. Estudos sugerem que compostos qu\u00edmicos (aleloqu\u00edmicos) liberados por algumas esp\u00e9cies de bambu interferem na germina\u00e7\u00e3o de sementes e no crescimento de pl\u00e2ntulas. Este estudo teve o objetivo de determinar a potencial influ\u00eancia da alelopatia na domin\u00e2ncia de Apoclada simplex<\/em> em \u00e1rea de floresta Atl\u00e2ntica, atrav\u00e9s de an\u00e1lises da fitotoxicidade de extratos e fra\u00e7\u00f5es, sobre a germina\u00e7\u00e3o e crescimento de esp\u00e9cieas agricolas Solanum lycopersicum<\/em> (tomate), Oryza sativa<\/em> (arroz) e sementes de esp\u00e9cies nativas de mata Atl\u00e2ntica: Mimosa bimucronata<\/em> e Erytrina verna<\/em>. A presen\u00e7a dos \u00e1cidos caf\u00e9ico, p-hidroxibenz\u00f3ico, dihidroxibenz\u00f3ico, metoxi-benz\u00f3ico e de luteolina-6-C-glicosil-8-C-arabinos\u00eddeo, al\u00e9m de compostos nitrogenados como: 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA), 7-methoxi-2 Benzoxazolinone (MBOA), 2,4-dihydroxi-7-methoxi-(2 H )-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H )-one (DIMBOA), 2-acetemidophenoxazin-3-one (AAPO), foram sugeridas por an\u00e1lises via HPLC-DAD, UHPLC-DAD, <\/em>LC-DAD-ESI-MS e RMN. \u00a0A presen\u00e7a de compostos j\u00e1 caracterizados como aleloqu\u00edmicos sugere que a alelopatia pode um dos mecanismos que explica a domin\u00e2ncia da esp\u00e9cie nas \u00e1reas de floresta.<\/p>\n

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Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o e caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o do potencial alelop\u00e1tico do bambu Apoclada simplex<\/em> McClure & Smith<\/h3>\n
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ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Bamboos have a large ecological amplitude in response to canopy disturbances, and they may become dominant species due to their abundance as well as their potential effect over the composition rate of forest regeneration. The success of bamboos cannot be explained solely by competition for resources, which suggests other strategies of plant-plant interaction. Recent studies have suggested that chemical compounds (allelochemicals) released by some bamboos affect directly seed germination and seedling growth. Allelopathy is one of the biological mechanisms which plays an important role in the dynamics and structure of vegetation. Although inconsistent, hard evidence shows that chemical induction by endophytic fungi can affect the allelopathic potential of the plants. The release of phenolic compounds in the soil may affect mycorrhizal fungi abundance. The present study was aimed to determine the potential influence of Apoclada simplex <\/em>in allelopathy dominance within the Atlantic forest area. Phytotoxicity effects over germination and growth of crop species such as Solanum lycopersicum<\/em> (tomato), Oryza sativa<\/em> (rice) as well as native seeds from Atlantic forest, namely Mimosa bimucronata<\/em> and Erytrina verna<\/em> were based upon analyses of extracts and fractions. Furthermore, chemical properties of the soil were assessed as well as the occurrence or non-occurrence of fungi in A. simplex.<\/em> Our findings showed phytotoxic activity in the leaf aqueous extract and also dichloromethane (DCM) fractions, ethyl acetate (ActOEt) and n<\/em>-butanol (n-<\/em>But) on germination and growth. Analyses suggest the presence of\u00a0 caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, methoxy benzoic acid, luteolin-6-C-8-C-glucosyl-arabinoside, and nitrogenous compounds such as 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA), 7-methoxy-2 Benzoxazolinone (MBOA), 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy- (2H) -1,4-benzoxazin-3 (4H) -one (DIMBOA); Acetemidophenoxazin-2-3-one (AAPO) in its composition via HPLC-DAD UHPLC-DAD, DAD-LC-ESI-MS and NMR. The p<\/em>-benzoic acid was the only one detected in the soil. We have identified through DNA sequencing: eight Glomus species, two Aculus species and two specimens of Archaeosporales family colonizing A. simplex<\/em> roots, besides rhizosphere spores which characterize the species as trophic fungus.\u00a0 However, in order to characterize the interaction between AMF and A. simplex,<\/em> further investigation is required. The presence of compounds already characterized as allelochemicals suggests that allelopathy can be one of the mechanisms which explain the species dominance in the forest. However, only the identification of such compounds in the soil can corroborate the allelopathic interaction hypothesis.
\nKeywords<\/strong>: Phytotoxicity, allelochemicals, AMF, HPLC, LC-DAD-ESI-MS<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

RESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Bambus s\u00e3o gram\u00edneas heli\u00f3filas ou de luz seletiva que podem tornam-se esp\u00e9cies dominantes devido \u00e0 sua alta efici\u00eancia competitiva, plasticidade em tra\u00e7os funcionais inibi\u00e7\u00e3o da regenera\u00e7\u00e3o de esp\u00e9cies do subosque. Contudo, somente a competi\u00e7\u00e3o por recursos n\u00e3o explica o sucesso dos bambus, outras estrat\u00e9gias de intera\u00e7\u00e3o planta-planta podem ser utilizadas. Estudos sugerem que compostos qu\u00edmicos (aleloqu\u00edmicos) liberados por algumas esp\u00e9cies de bambu interferem na germina\u00e7\u00e3o de sementes e no crescimento de pl\u00e2ntulas. A alelopatia \u00e9 apontada como um dos mecanismos biol\u00f3gicos que desempenha importante papel na estrutura e na din\u00e2mica da vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o. Alguns trabalhos t\u00eam proposto que a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de aleloqu\u00edmicos pode estar relacionada a associa\u00e7\u00f5es simbi\u00f3ticas das plantas com fungos endof\u00edticos. A libera\u00e7\u00e3o de alguns compostos fen\u00f3licos no solo pode afetar a abund\u00e2ncia de fungos micorr\u00edzicos arbusculares (FMA). Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a potencial influ\u00eancia da alelopatia na domin\u00e2ncia de Apoclada simplex<\/em> em \u00e1rea de floresta Atl\u00e2ntica, atrav\u00e9s de an\u00e1lises da fitotoxicidade de extratos e fra\u00e7\u00f5es, sobre a germina\u00e7\u00e3o e crescimento de esp\u00e9cieas agricolas Solanum lycopersicum<\/em> (tomate), Oryza sativa<\/em> (arroz) e sementes de esp\u00e9cies nativas de mata Atl\u00e2ntica: Mimosa bimucronata<\/em> e Erytrina verna<\/em>. Associado a isso, avaliou-se as propriedades qu\u00edmicas do solo e a presen\u00e7a de fungos nas \u00e1reas de ocorr\u00eancia e n\u00e3o ocorr\u00eancia de A. simplex<\/em>. Os resultados obtidos mostraram atividade fitot\u00f3xica do extrato aquoso de folhas e de suas fra\u00e7\u00f5es diclorometano (DCM), acetato de etila (ActOEt) e n<\/em>– butan\u00f3lica (n-<\/em>But) na germina\u00e7\u00e3o e no crescimento. A presen\u00e7a dos \u00e1cidos caf\u00e9ico, p-hidroxibenz\u00f3ico, dihidroxibenz\u00f3ico, metoxi-benz\u00f3ico e de luteolina-6-C-glicosil-8-C-arabinos\u00eddeo, al\u00e9m de compostos nitrogenados como: 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA), 7-methoxi-2 Benzoxazolinone (MBOA), 2,4-dihydroxi-7-methoxi-(2 H )-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H )-one (DIMBOA), 2-acetemidophenoxazin-3-one (AAPO), foram sugeridas por an\u00e1lises via HPLC-DAD, UHPLC-DAD, <\/em>LC-DAD-ESI-MS e RMN. \u00a0O \u00e1cido p-benz\u00f3ico foi o \u00fanico composto detectado no solo. Foram identificadas, por sequenciamento de DNA, oito esp\u00e9cies de Glomus,<\/em> duas esp\u00e9cies de Aculus<\/em>, dois esp\u00e9cimes pertencentes \u00e0 fam\u00edlia Archaeosporales colonizando ra\u00edzes de A. simplex,<\/em> al\u00e9m de esporos na rizosfera o que caracterizam a esp\u00e9cie como micotr\u00f3fica. \u00a0Entretanto, a rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre a presen\u00e7a de FMA e A. simplex <\/em>ainda n\u00e3o p\u00f4de ser caracterizada e deve ser investigada. A presen\u00e7a de compostos j\u00e1 caracterizados como aleloqu\u00edmicos sugere que a alelopatia pode um dos mecanismos que explica a domin\u00e2ncia da esp\u00e9cie nas \u00e1reas de floresta. Entretanto, somente a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o destes compostos no solo pode confirmar a hip\u00f3tese de intera\u00e7\u00e3o alelop\u00e1tica.
\nPalavras-chave<\/strong>: Fitotoxicidade; Aleloqu\u00edmicos; FMA; HPLC; LC-DAD-ESI-MS<\/p>\n

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\"pdf_grande\"<\/a>Marco Aur\u00e9lio Mata Gon\u00e7alves Torres<\/strong><\/a>
\nIdentifica\u00e7\u00e3o e caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o do potencial alelop\u00e1tico do bambu Apoclada simplex<\/em> McClure & Smith<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00a0VOLTAR AS DISSERTA\u00c7\u00d5ES E TESES<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Marco Aur\u00e9lio Mata Gon\u00e7alves Torres Bambus s\u00e3o gram\u00edneas heli\u00f3filas ou de luz seletiva que podem tornam-se esp\u00e9cies dominantes devido \u00e0 sua alta efici\u00eancia competitiva, plasticidade em tra\u00e7os funcionais inibi\u00e7\u00e3o da regenera\u00e7\u00e3o de esp\u00e9cies do subosque. Estudos sugerem que compostos qu\u00edmicos (aleloqu\u00edmicos) liberados por algumas esp\u00e9cies de bambu interferem na germina\u00e7\u00e3o de sementes e no crescimento […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":103,"featured_media":0,"parent":249,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7193"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/103"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7193"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7195,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7193\/revisions\/7195"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}