{"id":7174,"date":"2019-10-03T11:31:38","date_gmt":"2019-10-03T14:31:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/?page_id=7174"},"modified":"2019-10-03T11:37:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-03T14:37:52","slug":"guilherme-scotta-hentschke-dr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/guilherme-scotta-hentschke-dr\/","title":{"rendered":"Guilherme Scotta Hentschke DR"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"faixapos6\"<\/a><\/h2>\n
\n

Guilherme Scotta Hentschke<\/h2>\n
\n

Em 2014, no Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de S\u00e3o Paulo (IBt), Guilherme Scotta Hentschke, aluno do programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, defendeu sua Tese de Doutorado intitulada: \u201cCyanobacteria heterocitadas de ambientes terrestres da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica no estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil \u201d.<\/p>\n

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Cyanobacteria heterocitadas de ambientes terrestres da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica no estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil<\/h3>\n
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ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Heterocytous terrestrial cyanobacteria are very abundant and diverse in the Atlantic rainforest environments, occurring mainly on soil, rocks and tree leaves and barks. They have an important ecological role since they retain the soil and increase its level of organic matter and nutrients. Due to the nitrogenase enzyme, they are able to perform inorganic nitrogen fixation in their heterocytes. Due to the nitrogenase enzyme, they are able to fixate atmospheric molecular nitrogen in their heterocytes. They are potential producers of cyanotoxins and secondary compounds presenting different biological activities. Considering the few studies about this group of organisms, the aim of the present thesis is to know the biodiversity and biotechnological potential of heterocytous cyanobacteria from the Atlantic rainforest terrestrial environments. Samples were collected in areas of the Atlantic rainforest, State of S\u00e3o Paulo, specifically in Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar \u2013 N\u00facleo Santa Virg\u00ednia, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Ecol\u00f3gica Jur\u00e9ia-Itatins and Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, by scraping substrates with a spatula. The taxonomic study to characterize the collected populations was based on morphologic and phylogenetic data. For the phylogenetic studies the 16SrRNA and 16-23S rRNA ITS regions were analyzed by Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analysis, and also the secondary structures of d1-d1\u2019, Box B, V2 and V3 helices of the 16-23S rRNA ITS were analyzed. The prospection studies on secondary metabolites were carried out using Thin-Layer Chromatography and biological tests performed in mice. The presence of microcystins, saxitoxins, anatoxin-a and BMAA in the methanolic and acetic extracts were tested besides the anticholinesterasic, antifungal and antioxidant biological activities. Tests were performed using the methanolic and acetic extracts to determine the presence of microcystins, saxitoxins, anatoxin-a and BMAA as well as the anticholinesterasic, antifungal and antioxidant biological activities. Out of the 263 collected samples, 128 presented heterocytous cyanobacteria and 133 populations were identified at least in generic level. Thirty-five strains were isolated and held in CCIBt and fourteen had the 16S rRNA gene sequenced. Additionally, seven strains had the 16-23S ITS sequenced. Moreover, the 16S gene of Streptostemon lutescens, Stigonema jureiensis, and S. fremyi populations was sequenced directly from nature material. In this thesis the genera Dapisostemon and Komarekiella are also proposed in addition to seven new species. All of the extracts presented at least one type of biological activity.
\nKeywords<\/strong>: algae, biodiversity, molecular biology<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

RESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n

As cianobact\u00e9rias terrestres heterocitadas s\u00e3o muito abundantes e diversas na Mata Atl\u00e2ntica, ocorrendo principalmente sobre solo, rochas e troncos e folhas de \u00e1rvores. T\u00eam importante fun\u00e7\u00e3o ecol\u00f3gica, atuando na reten\u00e7\u00e3o do solo e adicionando mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica e nutrientes ao mesmo. Atrav\u00e9s da atividade da enzima nitrogenase, possuem a capacidade de fixar nitrog\u00eanio molecular atmosf\u00e9rico em c\u00e9lulas diferenciadas chamadas heterocitos. S\u00e3o potencialmente produtoras de cianotoxinas e compostos secund\u00e1rios com variadas atividades biol\u00f3gicas. Considerando os poucos estudos tratando deste grupo de organismos, os objetivos gerais desta tese foram conhecer a biodiversidade e o potencial biotecnol\u00f3gico de cianobact\u00e9rias terrestres heterocitadas. As coletas foram realizadas em \u00e1reas de Mata Atl\u00e2ntica no Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, especificamente no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar \u2013 N\u00facleo Santa Virg\u00ednia, Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Ecol\u00f3gica Jur\u00e9ia-Itatins e Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, raspando-se os substratos com auxilio de esp\u00e1tula. No estudo taxon\u00f4mico foram utilizados dados morfol\u00f3gicos e filogen\u00e9ticos para caracterizar as popula\u00e7\u00f5es encontradas. Para os estudos filogen\u00e9ticos foram analisadas as regi\u00f5es do gene 16S rRNA e 16-23S rRNA ITS atrav\u00e9s dos m\u00e9todos de m\u00e1xima verossimilhan\u00e7a, m\u00e1xima parsim\u00f4nia e an\u00e1lise Bayesiana, al\u00e9m das estruturas secund\u00e1rias das h\u00e9lices d1-d1\u2019, Box B, V2 e V3 da regi\u00e3o 16-23S rRNA ITS. Os estudos de prospec\u00e7\u00e3o de metabolitos secund\u00e1rios foram realizados atrav\u00e9s de testes de revela\u00e7\u00e3o em Cromatografia de Camada Delgada e bioensaios em camundongos. Foram testadas as presen\u00e7as de microcistinas, saxitoxinas, anatoxina-a, b-metilaminoalanina, al\u00e9m das atividades anticolinester\u00e1sica, antif\u00fangica e antioxidante dos extratos metan\u00f3licos e de \u00e1cido ac\u00e9tico. No total das 263 amostras coletadas, 128 continham cianobact\u00e9rias heterocitadas e 133 popula\u00e7\u00f5es foram identificadas ao menos em n\u00edvel gen\u00e9rico. Trinta e cinco linhagens foram isoladas e depositadas na Cole\u00e7\u00e3o de Cultura do Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica (CCIBt), sendo que quatorze destas tiveram o gene 16S rRNA sequenciado; adicionalmente sete tiveram o 16-23S ITS sequenciado. Al\u00e9m disso, popula\u00e7\u00f5es de Streptostemon lutescens<\/em>, Stigonema jureiensis<\/em> e S. fremyi <\/em>tamb\u00e9m tiveram o gene 16S sequenciado\u00a0 a partir de material proveniente da natureza. Nesta tese ainda s\u00e3o propostos os g\u00eaneros Dapisostemon<\/em> e Komarekiella, <\/em>al\u00e9m de sete novas esp\u00e9cies. Todos os extratos testados presentaram pelo menos um tipo de atividade biol\u00f3gica.
\nPalavras-chave<\/strong>: algas, biodiversidade, biologia molecular<\/p>\n

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\"pdf_grande\"<\/a>Guilherme Scotta Hentschke<\/span><\/a>
\nCyanobacteria heterocitadas de ambientes terrestres da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica no estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00a0VOLTAR AS DISSERTA\u00c7\u00d5ES E TESES<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Guilherme Scotta Hentschke Em 2014, no Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de S\u00e3o Paulo (IBt), Guilherme Scotta Hentschke, aluno do programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, defendeu sua Tese de Doutorado intitulada: \u201cCyanobacteria heterocitadas de ambientes terrestres da Mata Atl\u00e2ntica no estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil \u201d. Cyanobacteria heterocitadas de ambientes terrestres da Mata […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":103,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7174"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/103"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7174"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7174\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7179,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7174\/revisions\/7179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}