{"id":6708,"date":"2018-12-27T15:05:05","date_gmt":"2018-12-27T17:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/?page_id=6708"},"modified":"2018-12-27T15:05:05","modified_gmt":"2018-12-27T17:05:05","slug":"gustavo-henrique-jeronimo-alves-dr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/dissertacoesteses\/gustavo-henrique-jeronimo-alves-dr\/","title":{"rendered":"Gustavo Henrique Jer\u00f4nimo Alves DR"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"faixapos6\"<\/a><\/h2>\n
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Gustavo Henrique Jer\u00f4nimo Alves<\/h2>\n
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\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

No dia 29 de setembro de 2018, no Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de S\u00e3o Paulo, foi realizada a defesa da Tese de Doutorado do aluno Gustavo Henrique Jer\u00f4nimo Alves, intitulada \u201cAn\u00e1lise taxon\u00f4mica, molecular, ecol\u00f3gica e\/ou ulatrestrutural dos filos Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota e Oomycota de reservat\u00f3rios da bacia Hidrogr\u00e1fica do Sorocaba\/M\u00e9dio Tiet\u00ea, estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil\u201d. O trabalho foi avaliado e aprovado pela banca examinadora.<\/span><\/p>\n

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An\u00e1lise taxon\u00f4mica, molecular, ecol\u00f3gica e\/ou ulatrestrutural dos filos Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota e Oomycota de reservat\u00f3rios da bacia Hidrogr\u00e1fica do Sorocaba\/M\u00e9dio Tiet\u00ea, estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil<\/h3>\n
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ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The \u201cSorocaba\/M\u00e9dio Tiet\u00ea\u201d hydrographic basin (UGRHI 10) is located in the Center-Southeast region of the S\u00e3o Paulo state, one of the most developed regions of the state. In this region, due to the growing demand for electricity and public supply, several reservoirs were built, which are subject to the effects of local anthropogenic actions. <\/span>Among the detected impacts the eutrophication and disorderly use of the land are factors that are associated with the loss of water quality and biodiversity. Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota (zoosporic fungi) and Oomycota, important decomposing agents and parasites, are poorly explored in these aquatic environments and additional studies are necessary to clarify the role of these organisms in the energy transfer processes in these ecosystems. <\/span>Considering this, the aim of this study was to relate the species richness and abundance <\/span>of these groups with seasonality and some abiotic factors measured in the water column and surface sediment of three Brazilian reservoirs (<\/span>Santa Helena, Itupararanga and Hedberg)<\/span>, located in UGRHI 10, with distinctive trophic states. <\/span>In addition, we also intend to provide gene sequences of the specimens identified at specific level and build their phylogeny, confirming or rejecting phylogenetic hypotheses to the Chytridiomycota representatives, through zoospore ultrastructural analysis. <\/span>In order to do this, four sampling were performed in each reservoir, in which physical and chemical variables of the water (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and total phosphorus) and surface sediment (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total organic carbon) were measured. The community structure was evaluated considering the abundance, frequency, species richness, Shannon\u2019s diversity index, Simpson\u2019s index, Evenness and similarity Sorensen index. During the study, 52 taxa of heterotrophic zoosporic organisms were identified, 25 of which representative of Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota phyla (zoosporic fungi) and 27 of Oomycota phylum. On the <\/span>zoosporic fungi, a new species of the <\/span>Nowakowskiella<\/span><\/i> J. Schr\u00f6t genus was described and <\/span>Avachytrium<\/span><\/i> Velez & Letcher reported for the first time in Brazil, as well as <\/span>Plectospira gemmifera<\/span><\/i> Drechsler to the Oomycota. <\/span>In total, 102 sequences from the 18S, ITS, 28S, RPB1, RPB2, and COXI regions were obtained during the study, considering the two groups of organisms, which represent 25 taxa, being <\/span>Nowakowskiella ramosa<\/span><\/i> Butler, the new species <\/span>Nowakowskiella crenulata<\/span><\/i> Jer\u00f4nimo & Pires-Zottarelli, <\/span>Rhizophydium angulosum<\/span><\/i> Karling (for which we are proposing a new combination) and <\/span>Plectospira gemmifera<\/span><\/i> Drechsler included for first in phylogenetic analyzes. We observed a diverse community with few dominant taxa, which occurred predominantly at rainy season, being <\/span>Cladochytrium replicatum <\/span><\/i>Karling, <\/span>Nowakowskiella hemisphaerospora <\/span><\/i>Shanor, <\/span>Aphanomyces<\/span><\/i> spp., <\/span>Dictyuchus<\/span><\/i> spp. and <\/span>Pythium<\/span><\/i> group P and T, the most frequent and abundant, considering the reservoirs and seasons (dry and rainy). Zoosporic organisms presented a wide distribution along different trophic gradients, with species strictly related to locals with high concentrations of nitrogen and total phosphorus, and others with low concentrations of these nutrients, which could potentially be taxa indicative of quality of water.<\/span> We conclude that heterotrophic zoosporic organisms are, in general, tolerant to wide variations in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, but some taxa are limited by the availability of these nutrients, particularly phosphorus.<\/span>
\nKeywords<\/strong>:\u00a0 diversity, ecology, phylogeny, oomycetes, zoosporic fungi, zoospore ultrastructure<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

RESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A bacia hidrogr\u00e1fica do Sorocaba\/M\u00e9dio Tiet\u00ea (UGRHI 10) est\u00e1 situada na regi\u00e3o Centro-Sudeste do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, uma das mais desenvolvidas do interior do estado. Nesta regi\u00e3o, devido \u00e0 crescente demanda por energia el\u00e9trica e abastecimento p\u00fablico, diversos reservat\u00f3rios foram criados, os quais est\u00e3o sujeitos aos efeitos de a\u00e7\u00f5es antr\u00f3picas locais. Dentre os impactos detectados est\u00e3o a eutrofiza\u00e7\u00e3o e o uso desordenado do solo, fatores que est\u00e3o associados \u00e0 perda da qualidade da \u00e1gua e da biodiversidade. Representantes dos filos Blastocladiomycota e Chytridiomycota (fungos zoosp\u00f3ricos) e do filo Oomycota, importantes agentes decompositores e parasitas, s\u00e3o pouco explorados nestes ambientes aqu\u00e1ticos, existindo a necessidade de uma melhor compreens\u00e3o do papel destes organismos nos processos de transfer\u00eancia de energia nesses ecossistemas. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar a riqueza e a abund\u00e2ncia destes grupos de organismos com a sazonalidade e alguns fatores abi\u00f3ticos mensurados na coluna d\u2019\u00e1gua e sedimento superficial de tr\u00eas reservat\u00f3rios brasileiros (Santa Helena, Itupararanga e Hedberg), inseridos na UGRHI 10, conhecidamente com distintos estados tr\u00f3ficos. Al\u00e9m disso, disponibilizar sequ\u00eancias g\u00eanicas dos esp\u00e9cimes identificados em n\u00edvel espec\u00edfico e construir filogenias, confirmando ou rejeitando hip\u00f3teses filogen\u00e9ticas dentre os representantes de Chytridiomycota, por meio da an\u00e1lise da ultraestrutura dos zo\u00f3sporos destes fungos. Para isso, foram realizadas quatro coletas em cada reservat\u00f3rio, onde foram mensuradas algumas vari\u00e1veis f\u00edsicas e qu\u00edmicas da \u00e1gua (temperatura, pH, condutividade el\u00e9trica, oxig\u00eanio dissolvido, nitrog\u00eanio e f\u00f3sforo total) e do sedimento superficial (nitrog\u00eanio total, f\u00f3sforo total e carbono org\u00e2nico total). A estrutura da comunidade foi avaliada considerando-se a ocorr\u00eancia, frequ\u00eancia e abund\u00e2ncia dos t\u00e1xons, mediante c\u00e1lculo da riqueza de esp\u00e9cies, do \u00edndice de diversidade de Shannon, do \u00edndice de domin\u00e2ncia de Simpson, da equitatividade e do \u00edndice de similaridade de S\u00f8rensen. Durante o estudo, 52 t\u00e1xons destes organismos zoosp\u00f3ricos heterotr\u00f3ficos foram identificados, sendo 25 deles representantes dos fungos zoosp\u00f3ricos e 27 de oomicetos. Dentre os fungos zoosp\u00f3ricos, uma nova esp\u00e9cie do g\u00eanero <\/span>Nowakowskiella <\/span><\/i>J. Schr\u00f6t foi descrita e o g\u00eanero <\/span>Avachytrium <\/span><\/i>Velez & Letcher relatado pela primeira vez para o Brasil, assim como <\/span>Plectospira gemmifera <\/span><\/i>Drechsler a foi dentre os oomicetos. No total, 102 sequ\u00eancias das regi\u00f5es 18S, ITS, 28S, RPB1, RPB2 e COXI foram obtidas durante o estudo, considerando os dois grupos de organismos, as quais representam 25 t\u00e1xons, dentre os quais, <\/span>Nowakowskiella ramosa <\/span><\/i>Butler, uma nova esp\u00e9cie nomeada como <\/span>Nowakowskiella crenulata <\/span><\/i>Jer\u00f4nimo & Pires-Zottarelli, <\/span>Rhizophydium angulosum <\/span><\/i>Karling (para o qual est\u00e1 sendo proposta uma nova combina\u00e7\u00e3o)<\/span> e <\/span>Plectospira gemmifera <\/span><\/i>Drechsler, todos inseridos pela primeira vez em an\u00e1lises filogen\u00e9ticas. Foi observada uma comunidade diversa com poucos t\u00e1xons dominantes, sendo a maior parte deles observada na esta\u00e7\u00e3o chuvosa, com <\/span>Cladochytrium replicatum <\/span><\/i>Karling, <\/span>Nowakowskiella hemisphaerospora <\/span><\/i>Shanor, <\/span>Aphanomyces <\/span><\/i>spp., <\/span>Dictyuchus <\/span><\/i>spp. e <\/span>Pythium <\/span><\/i>dos<\/span> grupos P e T, sendo os t\u00e1xons mais frequentes e abundantes, considerando os reservat\u00f3rios e esta\u00e7\u00f5es (seca e chuvosa). Os organismos zoosp\u00f3ricos estudados apresentaram uma ampla distribui\u00e7\u00e3o ao longo de diferentes gradientes tr\u00f3ficos, existindo t\u00e1xons estritamente relacionados aos locais com as mais altas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de nitrog\u00eanio e f\u00f3sforo total, e outros aos locais com as mais baixas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es destes nutrientes, e que potencialmente poderiam ser indicativos da qualidade das \u00e1guas. Conclu\u00edmos, portanto, que estes organismos zoosp\u00f3ricos heterotr\u00f3ficos s\u00e3o, geralmente, tolerantes \u00e0s amplas varia\u00e7\u00f5es nas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de nitrog\u00eanio e f\u00f3sforo, mas alguns t\u00e1xons s\u00e3o limitados pela disponibilidade destes nutrientes, particularmente o f\u00f3sforo.
\nPalavras-chave<\/strong>: diversidade, ecologia, filogenia, fungos zoosp\u00f3ricos, oomicetos, ultraestrutura dos zo\u00f3sporos<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n
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\n\"pdf_grande\"<\/a>Gustavo Henrique Jer\u00f4nimo Alves<\/a>
\nAn\u00e1lise taxon\u00f4mica, molecular, ecol\u00f3gica e\/ou ulatrestrutural dos filos Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota e Oomycota de reservat\u00f3rios da bacia Hidrogr\u00e1fica do Sorocaba\/M\u00e9dio Tiet\u00ea, estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00a0VOLTAR AS DISSERTA\u00c7\u00d5ES E TESES<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gustavo Henrique Jer\u00f4nimo Alves No dia 29 de setembro de 2018, no Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de S\u00e3o Paulo, foi realizada a defesa da Tese de Doutorado do aluno Gustavo Henrique Jer\u00f4nimo Alves, intitulada \u201cAn\u00e1lise taxon\u00f4mica, molecular, ecol\u00f3gica e\/ou ulatrestrutural dos filos Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota e Oomycota de reservat\u00f3rios da bacia Hidrogr\u00e1fica do Sorocaba\/M\u00e9dio Tiet\u00ea, estado de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":0,"parent":249,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6708"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/63"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6708"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6723,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6708\/revisions\/6723"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}