{"id":6566,"date":"2018-10-15T10:29:37","date_gmt":"2018-10-15T13:29:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/?page_id=6566"},"modified":"2022-02-10T14:34:16","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T16:34:16","slug":"julia-zardi-de-castro-ms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/dissertacoesteses\/julia-zardi-de-castro-ms\/","title":{"rendered":"Julia Zardi de Castro MS"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"faixapos6\"<\/a><\/h2>\n
\n

Julia Zardi de Castro<\/h2>\n
\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

No dia 18 de setembro de 2017, a aluna Julia Zardi de Castro, bolsista CNPq\/Capes, do Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, defendeu sua disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de mestrado intitulada \u201cCaracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o fisiol\u00f3gica, bioqu\u00edmica e morfol\u00f3gica de Gracilaria domingensis<\/em> (K\u00fctzing) Sonder ex Dickie (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) submetida a varia\u00e7\u00f5es de fatores abi\u00f3ticos\u201d.<\/p>\n

A banca examinadora foi composta pela orientadora Prof. Dra. Nair Sumie Yokoya (N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Ficologia do Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de S\u00e3o Paulo), Prof. Dra. Maria Estela Plastino (Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias da USP) e a Prof. Dra. Luciana Bastos Ferreira (Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de S\u00e3o Paulo).<\/p>\n

\n

Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o fisiol\u00f3gica, bioqu\u00edmica e morfol\u00f3gica de Gracilaria domingensis<\/em> (K\u00fctzing) Sonder ex Dickie (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) submetida a varia\u00e7\u00f5es de fatores abi\u00f3ticos<\/h3>\n
\n

ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The genus Gracilaria<\/em> Greville has wide geographical distribution and is considered one of the main sources of agar. Gracilaria domingensis<\/em> (K\u00fctzing) Sonder ex Dickie \u00a0is one of the few species of this genus that occurs from northeastern to the southern region of Brazil, and its commercial importance is associated in the use in the human diet (in natura food). Therefore, studies on its development are necessary in order to implement a commercial cultivation for the sustainable production of biomass. Factors such as temperature, light and salinity are important for the growth and productivity of benthic marine algae. In the present study, the effects of temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35o<\/sup>C) and irradiance levels (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200 and 250 \u03bcmol of photons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>) on growth, morphology, pigment and protein concentrations were evaluated were evaluated in female gametophytes of G. domingensis<\/em> from Esp\u00edrito Santo (ES) and Santa Catarina (SC). The effects of salinity variation (from 5 to 60 psu, in interval of 5 psu) were also evaluated on growth, morphology, pigment concentrations, total proteins and total carbohydrates in were also evaluated in female gametophytes from SC. To obtain different salinities, the seawater freezing\/ thawing procedure was adopted. All experiments were performed in the laboratory in unialgaceous cultures with 50% von Stosch media, for 31 days. Treatments were tested with 3 replicates (n=3) in temperature and irradiance experiments, with 6 replicates (n=6) \u00a0in salinity experiments, and each treatment had \u00a06 apical segments of 1cm. Results were submitted to analysis of variance of one or two factors, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls comparison test. G<\/em>. domingensis<\/em> from ES and SC tolerated the temperature variation from 15 to 30\u00baC, but died at 35\u00baC. The ES strain presented the highest growth reates (GR, from 3.06 \u00b1 0.35 to 6.08 \u00b1 0.20% .d-1<\/sup>) in relation to the SC strain (from 1.28 \u00b1 0.48 to 4.13 \u00b1 0.31 % .d-1<\/sup>), but the two strains had the highest GR at 25\u00baC. The ES strain had the highest concentration of total soluble proteins (1.90 \u00b1 0.04 mg.g-1 MF) at low temperature (15\u00baC), while the SC strain presented higher protein concentrations (2.28 \u00b1 0.37 and 2.78 \u00b1 0.79 mg.g-1<\/sup> FW) at temperatures of 25 and 30 \u00b0C, respectively). Phycobiliprotein concentrations did not vary in different temperatures, but the chlorophyll a concentration of the ES strain was higher at 20\u00baC and lower at 30\u00baC. The variation in irradiance influenced the GR of the two strains (from 2.67 \u00b1 0.12 to 6.04 \u00b1 0.17%.d-1<\/sup>), and the lowest GR were observed at irradiance of 20 \u03bcmol of photons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup> and the highest GR were observed at irradiances higher than 40 to 60 \u03bcmol of photons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup> for the SC and ES strains, respectively. The G. domingensis<\/em> strains showed higher concentrations of total soluble proteins (1.43 \u00b1 0.36 to 14.53 \u00b1 0.79 mg.g-1<\/sup> FW) at low irradiances (20, 40 and 80 \u03bcmol of photons. m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>). The highest concentrations of phycoerythrin (422.99 \u00b1 41.38 \u03bcg.g-1<\/sup> FW) and phycocyanin (215.31 \u00b1 26.20 \u03bcg.g-1<\/sup> FW) were observed in the ES strain grown at low irradiance (40 \u03bcmol photons. m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>) and the lowest values \u200b\u200bwere observed at high levels of irradiance, indicating a photoacclimation. \u00a0Female gametophytes of G. domingensis<\/em> were tolerant to all tested salinities\u00a0 and presented the highest GR in the salinities of 25 to 40 psu (5. 6 \u00b1 0.15 to 6.0 \u00b1 0.13 %.d-1<\/sup>).. The concentrations of phycobiliproteins (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin) did not show significant differences with the salinity variation, however, in chlorophyll a<\/em> at salinity 60 psu (1.61 \u00b1 0.37 \u03bcg.g-1<\/sup> FW) was significantly lower than \u00a0salinity 30 psu (10.08 \u00b1 6.61 \u03bcg.g-1<\/sup> FW). In the analysis of total carbohydrates, only ethanolic fraction showed significant differences, where the algae cultivated in salinities 55 and 60 psu showed the highest concentrations of lower molecular mass carbohydrates (LMMC, 4178.60 \u00b1 511.51 and 4863.16 \u00b1 1186.98 \u03bcg.g-1<\/sup> FW). These results indicate that female gametophytes of G. domingensis<\/em> are eurihalin, and, in high salinity, they can accumulate higher concentrations of LMMC, since these carbohydrates can act as organic osmolytes, which are responsible for the maintenance of the turgor pressure, avoiding the cell plasmolysis. Our results indicate that ES and SC strains of G. domingensis<\/em> are eurythermic and tolerant to a wide variation of irradiance, and the SC strain is eurihaline, physiological characteristics that can be explained by their occurrence in intertidal regions of the rocky shores, and are exposed to wide variations in temperature, irradiance and salinity.
\nKeywords<\/strong>: Gracilaria domingensis<\/em>, temperature, irradiance, salinity, growth, pigments, proteins<\/p>\n

RESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n

O g\u00eanero Gracilaria<\/em> Greville apresenta uma ampla distribui\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica e \u00e9 considerado uma das principais fontes de \u00e1gar. Gracilaria domingensis<\/em> (K\u00fctzing) Sonder ex Dickie \u00e9 uma das poucas esp\u00e9cies deste g\u00eanero que ocorre desde a regi\u00e3o nordeste at\u00e9 a regi\u00e3o sul do Brasil e sua import\u00e2ncia comercial est\u00e1 associada \u00e0 utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o na dieta humana (alimento in natura<\/em>). Portanto, estudos sobre o seu desenvolvimento s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios visando \u00e0 implanta\u00e7\u00e3o de um cultivo comercial para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o sustent\u00e1vel de biomassa. Fatores como temperatura, luz e salinidade s\u00e3o de grande import\u00e2ncia para o crescimento e produtividade das algas marinhas bent\u00f4nicas. No presente estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos da varia\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura (15, 20, 25, 30 e 35\u00b0C) e da irradi\u00e2ncia (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200 e 250 \u03bcmol de f\u00f3tons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>) no crescimento, morfologia, concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de pigmentos e prote\u00ednas em gamet\u00f3fitos femininos de G. domingensis<\/em> provenientes do Esp\u00edrito Santo (ES) e de Santa Catarina (SC). Foram avaliados tamb\u00e9m os efeitos da varia\u00e7\u00e3o de salinidade (de 5 a 60 ups, em intervalos de 5 ups) no crescimento, morfologia, concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de pigmentos, de prote\u00ednas totais e carboidratos totais em gamet\u00f3fitos femininos de G. domingensis<\/em> provenientes de SC. Para a obten\u00e7\u00e3o das diferentes salinidades, foi adotado o procedimento de congelamento\/descongelamento da \u00e1gua do mar. Os experimentos foram realizados no laborat\u00f3rio em culturas unialg\u00e1ceas contendo meio von Stosch 50%, durante 31 dias. Os tratamentos foram testados com 3 repeti\u00e7\u00f5es (n=3, nos experimentos de temperatura e irradi\u00e2ncia) ou 6 repeti\u00e7\u00f5es (n=6) no experimento de salinidade, sendo que cada repeti\u00e7\u00e3o continha 6 segmentos apicais de 1cm. Os resultados foram submetidos \u00e0 an\u00e1lise de vari\u00e2ncia de um ou dois fatores e ao teste de compara\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00faltipla de Student-Newman-Keuls. \u00a0G. domingensis<\/em> provenientes de ES e SC toleraram a varia\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura de 15 a 30\u00baC, mas morreram quando cultivadas a 35\u00baC. A linhagem ES apresentou as maiores taxas de crescimento (TC, de 3,06 \u00b1 0,35 a 6,08 \u00b1 0,20 %.d-1<\/sup>) em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a linhagem SC (de 1,28 \u00b1 0,48 a 4,13 \u00b1 0,31 %.d-1<\/sup>), mas as duas linhagens apresentaram as maiores TC na temperatura de 25\u00baC. A linhagem ES apresentou maior concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de prote\u00ednas sol\u00faveis totais (1,90 \u00b1 0,04 mg.g-1<\/sup> MF) em baixa temperatura (15\u00baC) enquanto a linhagem SC apresentou maiores concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de prote\u00ednas (2,28 \u00b1 0,37 e 2,78 \u00b1 0,79 mg.g-1<\/sup> MF) nas temperaturas de 25 e 30\u00baC, respectivamente. As concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de ficobiliprote\u00ednas n\u00e3o variaram nas diferentes temperaturas, mas a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de clorofila a<\/em> da linhagem ES foi maior a 20\u00baC e menor na temperatura de 30\u00baC. A varia\u00e7\u00e3o na irradi\u00e2ncia influenciou a taxa de crescimento das duas linhagens (de 2,67 \u00b1 0,12 a 6,04 \u00b1 0,17 %.d-1<\/sup>), sendo que as menores TC foram observadas na irradi\u00e2ncia de 20 \u00b5mol de f\u00f3tons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup> e as maiores TC foram observadas em irradi\u00e2ncias maiores do que 40 a 60 \u00b5mol de f\u00f3tons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup> para as linhagens SC e ES, respectivamente. As linhagens de G. domingensis<\/em> apresentaram maiores concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de prote\u00ednas sol\u00faveis totais (1,43 \u00b1 0,36 a 14,53 \u00b1 0,79 mg.g-1<\/sup> MF) em baixas irradi\u00e2ncias (20, 40 e 80 \u00b5mol de f\u00f3tons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>). \u00a0As maiores concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de ficoeritrina (422,99 \u00b1 41,38 \u00b5g.g-1<\/sup> MF) e de ficocianina (215,31 \u00b1 26,20 \u00b5g.g-1<\/sup> MF) foram observadas na linhagem ES cultivada em baixa irradi\u00e2ncia (40 \u03bcmol de f\u00f3tons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>), indicando uma fotoaclimata\u00e7\u00e3o. Os gamet\u00f3fitos femininos de G. domingensis<\/em> provenientes de SC foram tolerantes a todas as salinidades testadas e apresentaram as maiores TC nas salinidades de 25 a 40 ups (5,6 \u00b1 0,15 a 6,0 \u00b1 0,13 %.d-1<\/sup>). As concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de ficobiliprote\u00ednas (ficoeritrina, ficocianina e aloficocianina) n\u00e3o apresentaram diferen\u00e7as significativas nas salinidades testadas, por\u00e9m, a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de clorofila a<\/em> em gamet\u00f3fitos femininos cultivados na salinidade de 60 ups (1,61 \u00b1 0,37 \u00b5g.g-1<\/sup> MF, n=3) foi significativamente menor quando comparada a salinidade de 30 ups (10,08 \u00b1 6,61 \u00b5g.g-1<\/sup> MF, n=3). Na an\u00e1lise de carboidratos totais, apenas a extra\u00e7\u00e3o na fra\u00e7\u00e3o etan\u00f3lica (contendo os carboidratos de baixa massa molecular, CBMM) apresentou diferen\u00e7as significativas, onde as algas cultivadas em salinidades de 55 e 60 ups apresentaram as maiores concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de CBMM. Esses resultados indicam que os gamet\u00f3fitos femininos de G. domingensis<\/em> podem acumular maiores concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de CBMM em altas salinidades, uma vez que esses carboidratos podem atuar como osm\u00f3litos org\u00e2nicos, que s\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis para a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da press\u00e3o de turgor, evitando a plasm\u00f3lise celular. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as linhagens ES e SC de G. domingensis<\/em> s\u00e3o eurit\u00e9rmicas e tolerantes a uma ampla varia\u00e7\u00e3o de irradi\u00e2ncia, e a linhagem SC \u00e9 eurialina, caracter\u00edsticas fisiol\u00f3gicas que podem ser explicadas pela sua ocorr\u00eancia em regi\u00f5es entre-mar\u00e9s dos cost\u00f5es rochosos, ficando expostas \u00e0s varia\u00e7\u00f5es de temperatura, irradi\u00e2ncia e salinidade.
\nPalavras-chave<\/strong>: Gracilaria domingensis<\/em>, temperatura, irradi\u00e2ncia, salinidade, crescimento, pigmentos, prote\u00ednas<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n
\n

\"pdf_grande\"<\/a>Julia Zardi de Castro
\nCaracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o fisiol\u00f3gica, bioqu\u00edmica e morfol\u00f3gica de Gracilaria domingensis<\/em> (K\u00fctzing) Sonder ex Dickie (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) submetida a varia\u00e7\u00f5es de fatores abi\u00f3ticos
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0VOLTAR AS DISSERTA\u00c7\u00d5ES E TESES<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Julia Zardi de Castro No dia 18 de setembro de 2017, a aluna Julia Zardi de Castro, bolsista CNPq\/Capes, do Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, defendeu sua disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de mestrado intitulada \u201cCaracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o fisiol\u00f3gica, bioqu\u00edmica e morfol\u00f3gica de Gracilaria domingensis (K\u00fctzing) Sonder ex Dickie (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) submetida a varia\u00e7\u00f5es de fatores abi\u00f3ticos\u201d. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":0,"parent":249,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6566"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/95"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6566"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6566\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6569,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6566\/revisions\/6569"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}