{"id":5765,"date":"2017-03-03T11:58:15","date_gmt":"2017-03-03T14:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/?page_id=5765"},"modified":"2018-05-07T12:01:38","modified_gmt":"2018-05-07T15:01:38","slug":"2016-marcela-regina-goncalves-da-silva-engela-ms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/dissertacoesteses\/2016-marcela-regina-goncalves-da-silva-engela-ms\/","title":{"rendered":"Marcela Regina Gon\u00e7alves da Silva Engela MS"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"faixapos6\"<\/a><\/h2>\n
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Marcela Regina Gon\u00e7alves da Silva Engela<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

No dia 26 de abril de 2016 as 9h, a aluna do programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente do Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de\u00a0S\u00e3o Paulo (IBt), Marcela Regina Gon\u00e7alves da Silva Engela (Bolsista FAPESP), defendeu sua disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de mestrado intitulada: \u201cVaria\u00e7\u00f5es no conte\u00fado e na composi\u00e7\u00e3o de carboidratos sol\u00faveis e de compostos fen\u00f3licos em esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em resposta a poluentes a\u00e9reos\u201d. A banca examinadora foi composta pela Dr. Marisa Domingos (orientadora\/IBt), Dr. Regina Maria de Moraes (IBt) e\u00a0Dr. D\u00e9borah Yara Alves Cursino dos Santos (USP).<\/p>\n

O trabalho teve como objetivo geral a contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para ampliar o conhecimento do potencial de toler\u00e2ncia de esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas nativas da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na Regi\u00e3o Metropolitana de Campinas \u00e0 polui\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica ao verificar: 1) se ocorreriam mudan\u00e7as sazonais nos conte\u00fados de carboidratos e de compostos fen\u00f3licos; 2) se varia\u00e7\u00f5es hor\u00e1rias nos n\u00edveis de carboidratos e em par\u00e2metros da fotoss\u00edntese nessas esp\u00e9cies, ao longo do dia, seriam estreitamente relacionadas, de modo a refletir apenas as oscila\u00e7\u00f5es em vari\u00e1veis microclim\u00e1ticas.<\/p>\n

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Varia\u00e7\u00f5es no conte\u00fado e na composi\u00e7\u00e3o de carboidratos sol\u00faveis e de compostos fen\u00f3licos em esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em resposta a poluentes a\u00e9reos<\/h3>\n
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ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In recent decades, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ozone and particulate material containing toxic compounds have contaminated the atmosphere at the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), as a result of the increasing land use and occupation by man in the region. Once absorbed by plants, such pollutants can increase the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species, which are highly toxic and may induce oxidative damage in cell structures and cause physiological and biochemical disorders in plants. In response, the plants may increase the concentration of antioxidant compounds, including carbohydrates and phenolic compounds. Thus, the general objective of this study was to contribute to enlarge the knowledge on the potential tolerance of native tree species from the Semideciduous Atlantic Forest in MRC to air pollution, by determining whether seasonal changes are detectable in the contents of carbohydrates and phenolic compounds and whether hourly variations in the levels of carbohydrates and photosynthesis in these species, throughout the day, are closely related, thus reflecting only fluctuations in climatic variables. Two experimental steps were conducted. In the first, the seasonal composition and levels of carbohydrates and phenolic compounds in leaves of Croton floribundus<\/em> Spreng, Astronium graveolens<\/em> Jacq and Piptadenia gonoacantha<\/em> (Mart) Macbr sampled in three forest fragments were characterized during dry and wet seasons in 2012 and 2013. The daily profile in the levels of carbohydrates and in photosynthetic parameters in trees of C. floribundus<\/em> and A. graveolens<\/em> were measured during the second experimental step conducted during dry and wet periods in 2014. The results of the first experimental step, as a whole, permitted to conclude that the analysis of primary and secondary metabolites contributed to establish the tolerance level of tree species to seasonal variations in climatic conditions and pollutant levels. Carbohydrates (mainly starch) and phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids) were appropriate markers of increased tolerance against environmental stresses in leaves of C. floribundus<\/em> and A. graveolens<\/em>, respectively. P. gonoacantha<\/em> seemed to be the most vulnerable tree species to environmental stresses. The levels of the metabolites analyzed varied seasonally; the trees sampled in wet periods tended to present high levels of secondary metabolites and total soluble carbohydrates and those sampled in the dry period tended to accumulate only flavonoids.\u00a0The increase in levels of solar radiation, relative humidity, air temperature and pollutant concentrations affected only the concentrations of total soluble carbohydrates, starch and flavonoids, in both sampling periods. The results of the second experimental step showed that there is a drop in conductance and liquid carbon assimilation during the day trees in A. graveolens<\/em> and C. floribundus. <\/em>Still, that the association between production of soluble carbohydrates and gas exchange throughout the day was modulated by hourly fluctuations in climatic variables and air pollutant levels only in trees of A. graveolens<\/em>.
\nKeywords: <\/strong>Environmental stresses, air pollution, seasonal climate, Semideciduous Atlantic Forest, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds.<\/p>\n

RESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Nas \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, \u00f3xidos de nitrog\u00eanio, \u00f3xidos de enxofre, oz\u00f4nio e materiais particulados contendo elementos e compostos t\u00f3xicos t\u00eam contaminado a atmosfera da Regi\u00e3o Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC), como resultado do crescente uso e ocupa\u00e7\u00e3o da terra pelo homem na regi\u00e3o. Uma vez absorvidos pelas plantas, tais poluentes podem formar esp\u00e9cies reativas de oxig\u00eanio com alto poder oxidativo, que danificam estruturas celulares e causam dist\u00farbios fisiol\u00f3gicos e bioqu\u00edmicos em plantas. Em resposta, estas podem elevar a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de compostos antioxidantes, incluindo carboidratos e compostos fen\u00f3licos. Assim, o objetivo geral do presente estudo foi contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento do potencial de toler\u00e2ncia de esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas nativas da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na RMC \u00e0 polui\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica, ao verificar se ocorrem mudan\u00e7as sazonais nos conte\u00fados de carboidratos e de compostos fen\u00f3licos e se varia\u00e7\u00f5es hor\u00e1rias nos n\u00edveis de carboidratos e em par\u00e2metros da fotoss\u00edntese nessas esp\u00e9cies, ao longo do dia, est\u00e3o estreitamente relacionadas, de modo a refletir apenas as oscila\u00e7\u00f5es em vari\u00e1veis microclim\u00e1ticas. Duas etapas experimentais foram conduzidas. Na primeira, foi feita a caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o sazonal, nas esta\u00e7\u00f5es secas e \u00famidas de 2012 e 2013, da composi\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00edveis de carboidratos e compostos fen\u00f3licos em \u00e1rvores de Croton floribundus <\/em>Spreng., Astronium graveolens <\/em>Jacq.e Piptadenia gonoacantha <\/em>(Mart.) Macbr em tr\u00eas fragmentos florestais na RMC. Na segunda etapa, realizada nos per\u00edodos seco e \u00famido de 2014, foi caracterizado o andamento di\u00e1rio nos n\u00edveis de carboidratos, em paralelo a medidas de par\u00e2metros da fotoss\u00edntese, em \u00e1rvores de C. floribundus<\/em> e A. graveolens<\/em>. Os resultados da primeira etapa experimental, em seu conjunto, permitiram concluir que a an\u00e1lise da ocorr\u00eancia e das concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de metab\u00f3litos prim\u00e1rios e secund\u00e1rios contribuiu para o estabelecimento do n\u00edvel de toler\u00e2ncia das esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas, frente a varia\u00e7\u00f5es sazonais nas condi\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas e nos n\u00edveis de poluentes. Carboidratos (principalmente amido) e compostos fen\u00f3licos (principalmente flavonoides) foram marcadores adequados do aumento de toler\u00e2ncia aos estresses ambientais em folhas de C. floribundus<\/em> e A. graveolens<\/em> respectivamente. P. gonoacantha<\/em> pareceu ser a esp\u00e9cie arb\u00f3rea mais vulner\u00e1vel aos estresses ambientais. Os n\u00edveis de compostos analisados variaram sazonalmente; as \u00e1rvores amostradas nos per\u00edodos \u00famidos tenderam a apresentar altos n\u00edveis de compostos secund\u00e1rios e carboidratos sol\u00faveis totais e as amostradas no per\u00edodo seco altas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de flavonoides. O aumento nos n\u00edveis de radia\u00e7\u00e3o solar, umidade relativa, temperatura do ar e na concentra\u00e7\u00e3o dos poluentes mencionados anteriormente afetaram somente as concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de carboidratos sol\u00faveis totais, amido e flavonoides, em ambos os per\u00edodos de amostragem. Os resultados da segunda etapa experimental demonstraram que houve queda na condut\u00e2ncia e assimila\u00e7\u00e3o l\u00edquida de carbono ao longo do dia em \u00e1rvores de A. graveolens<\/em> e C. floribundus<\/em>. Ainda, a associa\u00e7\u00e3o ao longo do dia entre produ\u00e7\u00e3o de carboidratos sol\u00faveis e as trocas gasosas foi modulada por oscila\u00e7\u00f5es hor\u00e1rias em vari\u00e1veis microclim\u00e1ticas e nos n\u00edveis de poluentes atmosf\u00e9ricos somente em \u00e1rvores de A. graveolens<\/em>.
\nPalavras-chave<\/strong>: Estresses ambientais, polui\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica, clima sazonal, Floresta Semidecidual Atl\u00e2ntica, carboidratos, compostos fen\u00f3licos<\/p>\n

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\"pdf_grande\"<\/a>Marcela Regina Gon\u00e7alves da Silva Engela
\nVaria\u00e7\u00f5es no conte\u00fado e na composi\u00e7\u00e3o de carboidratos sol\u00faveis e de compostos fen\u00f3licos em esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas de Floresta
\nEstacional Semidecidual em resposta a poluentes a\u00e9reos<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

VOLTAR AS DISSERTA\u00c7\u00d5ES E TESES<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Marcela Regina Gon\u00e7alves da Silva Engela No dia 26 de abril de 2016 as 9h, a aluna do programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente do Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de\u00a0S\u00e3o Paulo (IBt), Marcela Regina Gon\u00e7alves da Silva Engela (Bolsista FAPESP), defendeu sua disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de mestrado intitulada: \u201cVaria\u00e7\u00f5es no conte\u00fado e na composi\u00e7\u00e3o de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":0,"parent":249,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5765"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/63"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5765"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5765\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6401,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5765\/revisions\/6401"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}