{"id":5570,"date":"2016-12-12T10:56:05","date_gmt":"2016-12-12T12:56:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/?page_id=5570"},"modified":"2018-06-15T12:16:52","modified_gmt":"2018-06-15T15:16:52","slug":"2015-jonatas-martinez-canuto-de-souza-ms","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/dissertacoesteses\/2015-jonatas-martinez-canuto-de-souza-ms\/","title":{"rendered":"J\u00f4natas Martinez Canuto de Souza MS"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"faixapos6\"<\/a><\/h2>\n
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J\u00f4natas Martinez Canuto de Souza<\/span><\/h2>\n
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No dia 27 de abril de 2015, o aluno J\u00f4natas Martinez Canuto de Souza, bolsista CNPq, do Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, defendeu sua disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de mestrado intitulada \u201cEfeitos das citocininas nas respostas fisiol\u00f3gicas e na qualidade do \u00e1gar de Gracilaria caudata <\/em>J. Agardh (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)\u201d.<\/p>\n

A banca examinadora foi composta pela orientadora Prof. Dra. Nair Sumie Yokoya (N\u00facleo de Pesquisa em Ficologia do Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de S\u00e3o Paulo),\u00a0Prof. Dra. Maria Estela Plastino (Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias da USP) e\u00a0o Prof. Dr. George Emmanuel Cavalcanti de Miranda (Centro de Ci\u00eancias exatas e da natureza da UFPB).<\/p>\n

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Efeitos das citocininas nas respostas fisiol\u00f3gicas e na qualidade do \u00e1gar de Gracilaria caudata <\/em>J. Agardh (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)<\/h3>\n
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ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In Brazil, Gracilaria caudata<\/em> J. Agardh (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) is commercially exploited as a source of raw material for the production of agar. Studies on the knowledge of its development are necessary for the conservation of natural populations and the sustainable production of biomass. Thus, the objectives of the present study were: 1. Evaluate the effects of five cytokinins under two levels of irradiance (50 and 100 \u00b5mol of photons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>) in the development, content of photosynthetic pigments and proteins of G. caudata<\/em>, 2. Compare the effects of\u00a0 cytokinins with different chemical structures: aromatic cytokinins (benzylaminopurine (BA) and kinetin (K)) and isoprenoid cytokinins (2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), cis<\/em>-zeatin and trans<\/em>-zeatin) , 3. Evaluate the effects of AMPEP extract (Acadian Marine Plant Extract Powder), produced by the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> (Linnaeus) L. Jolis on growth and content of photosynthetic pigments, and 4. Evaluate the effects of two cytokinins (BA and 2iP) in the growth, and agar yield and quality of G. caudata<\/em> cultivated in bioreactors. The cytokinins were tested in concentrations of zero, 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 \u00b5M, which were added to the ASP 12-NTA synthetic \u00a0medium (salinity 30 psu) under two levels of irradiance (50 and 100 \u00b5mol of photons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>). Concentrations of total proteins and pigments (chlorophyll, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin),\u00a0 growth rates and formation of primary branches were analyzed. The effects of AMPEP extract were tested at four concentrations (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg L-1<\/sup>) added to seawater, and nine concentrations (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mg L-1<\/sup>) added to seawater enriched with 50% of von Stosch solution (VSES\/2). The experiment\u00a0 in bioreactors comprised twelve culture vessels with a total volume of 2.5 L, and 2.0 L \u00a0of culture medium (VSES\/2) with addition of BA or 2iP. \u00a0Daily variations of temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH of the medium were monitored, and growth and agar yield and quality (3,6 anhydrogalactose and sulfate contents) were determined. General conditions of all experiments were temperature of 23 \u00b0C, salinity of 30-32 psu and photoperiod of 14h. All treatments were tested with three or six replicates (n = 3 or n = 6). Data were analysed by one or two-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and principal component analysis (PCA). In general, cytokinins showed no effect (2iP, BA and K) or inhibitory (cis<\/em>-zeatin) in the growth rate of G. caudata<\/em>. The formation of primary branches was inhibited at concentrations of 5.0 \u00b5M of 2iP, under both 50 and 100 \u00b5mol of photons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>. Moreover, cis<\/em> and trans<\/em>-zeatin, BA and K at the concentrations of 0.5 and\/or 5.0 \u00b5M stimulated the formation of the primary branches under irradiance of 100 \u00b5mol photons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>. In general, concentrations of cis <\/em>and trans<\/em>-zeatin showed \u00a0negative correlation \u00a0with the contents of photosynthetic pigments and proteins under the two irradiances. \u00a0On the other hand, BA showed no correlation with the content of pigments and proteins, and K correlated only with some pigments as a function of irradiance level.\u00a0 Treatments with AMPEP resulted in higher growth rates and higher content of photosynthetic pigments when combined with VSES\/2. The different concentrations of cytokinin in the bioreactors did not influence the growth rate, and agar yield and quality. However, the 3,6 anhydrogalactose content was higher \u00a0than the sulphate content, and \u00a0this chemical characteristic gives higher gelling property to G. caudata<\/em> agar, increasing its commercial value. The results of the present study indicate that the chemical structure of cytokinins and the irradiance level influence the growth, morphology and\u00a0 contents of photosynthetic pigments and s in G. caudata<\/em>.
\nKeywords:<\/strong> 2-isopentenyladenine, agar, benzylaminopurine, kinetin, cytokinins, Gracilaria caudata<\/em>, zeatin<\/p>\n

RESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n

No litoral brasileiro, a esp\u00e9cie Gracilaria caudata <\/em>J. Agardh (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) \u00e9 explorada comercialmente como fonte de mat\u00e9ria prima para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1gar. Estudos visando o conhecimento do desenvolvimento da esp\u00e9cie s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios para a conserva\u00e7\u00e3o das popula\u00e7\u00f5es naturais e para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o sustent\u00e1vel de biomassa.\u00a0 Desta forma, os objetivos do presente estudo foram: 1. avaliar os efeitos de cinco citocininas sob dois n\u00edveis de irradi\u00e2ncia (50 e 100 \u00b5mol de f\u00f3tons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>) no desenvolvimento, no conte\u00fado de pigmentos e de prote\u00ednas de G. caudata<\/em>,\u00a0 2. comparar os efeitos de citocininas com estrutura qu\u00edmica distinta: citocininas arom\u00e1ticas (benzilaminopurina (BA) e cinetina (K)), e derivadas do isopren\u00f3ide (2-isopenteniladenina (2iP), cis<\/em>-zeatina e trans<\/em>-zeatina), 3. avaliar o efeito do extrato AMPEP (Acadian Marine Plant Extract Powder), produzido a partir da alga parda Ascophyllum nodosum<\/em> (Linnaeus) L. Jolis no crescimento e no conte\u00fado de pigmentos fotossintetizantes e 4. avaliar os efeitos de duas citocininas (benzilaminopurina e 2-isopenteniladenina) no crescimento e no rendimento e na qualidade do \u00e1gar de G. caudata <\/em>cultivada em biorreatores. As citocininas foram testadas em concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de zero, 0,5, 5,0, e 50,0 \u00b5M que foram adicionadas ao meio de cultura sint\u00e9tico ASP 12-NTA (salinidade 30 ups), sob dois n\u00edveis de irradi\u00e2ncia (50 e 100 \u00b5mol de f\u00f3tons.m-2<\/sup>. s-1<\/sup>). Foram analisadas as concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de prote\u00ednas totais e de pigmentos (clorofila a<\/em>, ficoeritrina, ficocianina e aloficocianina), a taxa de crescimento e a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de ramos prim\u00e1rios. \u00a0Os efeitos do extrato AMPEP foram testados em quatro concentra\u00e7\u00f5es (0, 0,1, 1,0 e 5,0 mg L-1<\/sup>) em \u00e1gua do mar e em nove concentra\u00e7\u00f5es (0, 0,001, 0,01, 0,1, 1,0, 2,0, 3,0, 4,0 e 5,0 mg L-1<\/sup>) em \u00e1gua do mar enriquecida com 50% da solu\u00e7\u00e3o de von Stosch (VSES\/2). O experimento nos biorreaatores foi composto por doze vasos de cultura, com volume total de 2,5 L sendo 2,0 L com meio de cultura (VSES\/2) e foram adicionadas as citocininas BA e 2iP.\u00a0 Nos biorreatores, foram monitorados diariamente a temperatura, oxig\u00eanio dissolvido e pH do meio e foram realizadas an\u00e1lises de rendimento e da qualidade do \u00e1gar (teores de 3,6 anidrogalactose e de sulfato).\u00a0 As condi\u00e7\u00f5es gerais de todos os experimentos foram: temperatura m\u00e9dia de 23\u00a0o<\/sup>C, salinidade de 30-32 ups e fotoper\u00edodo de 14h. Os tratamentos foram testados com tr\u00eas ou seis repeti\u00e7\u00f5es (n = 3 ou n = 6), e foram realizadas an\u00e1lises de vari\u00e2ncia de um ou dois fatores, correla\u00e7\u00e3o de Pearson e an\u00e1lise de componente principal (PCA). Em geral, as citocininas apresentaram efeito nulo (2iP, BA e K) ou inibit\u00f3rio (cis<\/em>-zeatina) na taxa de crescimento de G. caudata<\/em>. A forma\u00e7\u00e3o de ramos laterais foi inibida em concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de 5,0 \u00b5M de 2iP tanto em 50 e 100 \u00b5mol de f\u00f3tons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>. Por outro lado, cis<\/em> e trans<\/em>-zeatina, BA e K nas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de 0,5 e\/ou 5,0 \u00b5M estimulou a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de ramos prim\u00e1rios na irradi\u00e2ncia de 100 \u00b5mol de f\u00f3tons.m-2<\/sup>.s-1<\/sup>. Em geral, as concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de cis<\/em> e trans<\/em>-zeatina apresentaram correla\u00e7\u00e3o negativa com o conte\u00fado dos pigmentos fotossintetizantes e de prote\u00ednas nas duas irradi\u00e2ncias testadas. Por outro lado, a BA n\u00e3o apresentou correla\u00e7\u00e3o significativa com o conte\u00fado de pigmentos e prote\u00ednas, e a K apresentou correla\u00e7\u00e3o com alguns pigmentos em fun\u00e7\u00e3o da irradi\u00e2ncia testada. Os tratamentos com AMPEP resultaram em maiores taxas de crescimento e maior conte\u00fado de pigmentos fotossintetizantes quando utilizadas em combina\u00e7\u00e3o com VSES\/2. As diferentes concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de citocininas nos biorreatores n\u00e3o influenciaram a taxa de crescimento, rendimento e qualidade do \u00e1gar. Por\u00e9m, a quantidade de 3,6 anidrogalactose \u00e9 maior do que o teor de sulfato, conferindo ao \u00e1gar de G. caudata<\/em> uma maior propriedade gelificante, e aumentando o seu valor comercial. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a estrutura qu\u00edmica das citocininas e o n\u00edvel de irradi\u00e2ncia influenciam o crescimento, a morfologia e o conte\u00fado de pigmentos fotossintetizantes e de prote\u00ednas em G. caudata<\/em>.
\nPalavras-chave<\/strong>:\u00a02-isopenteniladenina, \u00e1gar, benzilaminopurina, cinetina, citocininas, Gracilaria caudata<\/em>, zeatina<\/p>\n

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\"pdf_grande\"<\/a>J\u00f4natas Martinez Canuto de Souza<\/a>
\nEfeitos das citocininas nas respostas fisiol\u00f3gicas e na qualidade do \u00e1gar de Gracilaria caudata <\/em>J. Agardh<\/a>
\n(Gracilariales, Rhodophyta)<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

VOLTAR AS DISSERTA\u00c7\u00d5ES E TESES<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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J\u00f4natas Martinez Canuto de Souza No dia 27 de abril de 2015, o aluno J\u00f4natas Martinez Canuto de Souza, bolsista CNPq, do Programa de P\u00f3s Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, defendeu sua disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de mestrado intitulada \u201cEfeitos das citocininas nas respostas fisiol\u00f3gicas e na qualidade do \u00e1gar de Gracilaria caudata J. Agardh (Gracilariales, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":249,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5570"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5570"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6508,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5570\/revisions\/6508"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}