{"id":5195,"date":"2016-05-05T13:46:14","date_gmt":"2016-05-05T16:46:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/?page_id=5195"},"modified":"2018-05-18T12:16:34","modified_gmt":"2018-05-18T15:16:34","slug":"2015-ana-paula-lopes-dias","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/dissertacoesteses\/2015-ana-paula-lopes-dias\/","title":{"rendered":"Ana Paula Lopes Dias DR"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"faixapos6\"<\/a><\/h2>\n
\n

Ana Paula Lopes Dias<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n

Ana Paula Lopes Dias defendeu sua tese de doutorado em 25 de mar\u00e7o de 2015 intitulada:
\nAporte e remo\u00e7\u00e3o de hidrocarbonetos polic\u00edclicos arom\u00e1ticos (HPAs) em fragmentos florestais na regi\u00e3o metropolitana de Campinas \u2013 SP<\/p>\n

A banca examinadora foi composta pela sua orientadora Profa. Dra. Marisa Domingos, Dra. Christine Laure Marie Bourotte,
\nDr. Jo\u00e3o Vicente de Assun\u00e7\u00e3o, Dra. Maria Cristina Forti e Dra. Silvia Ribeiro de Souza.<\/p>\n

\n

Aporte e remo\u00e7\u00e3o de hidrocarbonetos polic\u00edclicos arom\u00e1ticos (HPAs) em fragmentos florestais
\nna regi\u00e3o metropolitana de Campinas \u2013 SP<\/h3>\n
\n
\n

ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants that are hardly degraded in the environment. As a consequence, they may remain accumulated in organic fractions in the ecosystems, such as vegetation and soil for long periods, highlighting the importance of evaluating their impacts on the different compartments of ecosystems disturbed by pollutants. Few studies are available in tropical forests, so that the description of the global environmental contamination by these persistent organic pollutants is still not possible. Thus, this study \u00a0was proposed wich the goal of enlarging the knowledge on the subject, by estimating the input, i.e. the entry of PAHs in Atlantic Forest Forest fragments in the metropolitan region of Campinas and the removal from the atmosphere through the accumulation of these compounds in native tree species and soil. Therefore, we aimed with this study: to check for spatial and temporal variations in PAHs inputs via dry and wet deposition; to dentify, among the tree species studied, which has the greatest potential for passive biomonitoring of these compounds in the study region; to check for spatial and temporal variations in the PAH accumulation in forest soils; to infer about the possible sources of particulate matter, in the neighbourhoods of the forest fragments, based on the concentrations and ratios of PAHs markers in different environmental matrices analyzed. The collections of particulate matter (PM10) and wet\/dry deposition were carried out in two forest fragments (Paul\u00ednia and Campinas) during the following periods: wet\/2012, dry\/2012, wet\/2013 and dry\/2013. Soil and leaves of the tree species were collected in all forest fragments, during dry\/2011, wet\/2012, dry\/2012 and wet\/2013. The Soxhlet extraction was used for solid matrices using a mixture of solvents (dichloromethane and hexane, 3: 1). In rain water samples, the extraction was performed by decantation using the same solvent mixture. After extraction, all samples were analyzed by HPLC \/ FLUR for identification of 14 PAHs divided into two categories: light-PAHs (2 or 3 aromatic rings)- naphthalene, acenaphthene , fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene; and heavy-PAHs (more than 4 rings) \u00a0– pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene. In general, seasonal differences in the concentration of PAHs were evident in all matrices sampled in different forest fragments. The contents of \u03a3HPAs in PM10 and leaf samples were significantly higher during the dry periods than during the wet periods, while higher levels of such compounds in soil and rain water were measured during the wet periods. However, significant differences in the total concentrations of PAHs (\u03a3HPAs) were not found among the four forest fragments, indicating that they are exposed to the same PAH emission sources. Among the tested tree species, P. gonoachanta<\/em> was the most effective in accumulating PAHs and was able to indicate possible emission sources in the study region. The four matrices contained a higher proportion of light-PAHs relative to heavy-PAHs in all forest fragments and during both dry and wet periods. However, the forest in Paul\u00ednia was affected by higher light-PAH concentrations than the other forests and received a higher PAH input through the PM10, during both wet and dry periods. Although the PAH deposition through PM10 in Campinas forest fragment was clearly lower than that recorded in Paulinia fragment,\u00a0 the wet deposition seemed to be more important in Campinas, at least for some PAHs. In both forests, the removal of PAHs occurred mainly by plants (leaves of P. gonoacantha<\/em>) during dry periods.\u00a0 During the wet periods, the estimated mean enrichments of most PAHs were similar in plants and soil from Paul\u00ednia forest, but higher in soil than in plants from the Campinas forest, probably due to the increased capacity of moisture retention in the soil. The petrochemical industries of Paul\u00ednia appeared to be the most important emission sources of light-PAHs to the forest ecosystem in the surrounding areas.
\nKeywords<\/strong>: Brazilian forests; PAHs in tropical; PAHs in vegetation; particulate matter; rainfall; tropical soils<\/p>\n

RESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\n
\n

\u00a0Os hidrocarbonetos polic\u00edclicos arom\u00e1ticos (HPAs) s\u00e3o poluentes org\u00e2nicos de dif\u00edcil degrada\u00e7\u00e3o, podendo permanecer acumulados por longos per\u00edodos em fra\u00e7\u00f5es org\u00e2nicas dos ecossistemas, como vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o e solo. Da\u00ed a import\u00e2ncia de se avaliar o impacto destes nos diferentes compartimentos de ecossistemas antropizados. H\u00e1 poucos estudos em florestas tropicais, impedindo uma melhor avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o global de polui\u00e7\u00e3o em ambientes naturais por estes poluentes org\u00e2nicos persistentes. Assim, este estudo se justifica ao contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o tema, dimensionando o \u201caporte\u201d, ou seja, a entrada de destes em fragmentos de Floresta Semidecidual Atl\u00e2ntica na regi\u00e3o metropolitana de Campinas e a \u201cremo\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d da atmosfera atrav\u00e9s do ac\u00famulo destes compostos em esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas e no solo. Portanto, objetivou-se, com este estudo: verificar se h\u00e1 varia\u00e7\u00f5es espaciais e temporais no aporte de HPAs via deposi\u00e7\u00e3o seca e \u00famida; identificar, entre as esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas estudadas, qual a com maior potencial para biomonitoramento passivo desses compostos na regi\u00e3o de estudo; avaliar se h\u00e1 varia\u00e7\u00f5es espaciais e temporais no ac\u00famulo de HPAs nos solos florestais; inferir sobre as poss\u00edveis fontes de emiss\u00e3o de material particulado, nas adjac\u00eancias dos fragmentos florestais, com base nas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es e propor\u00e7\u00f5es de HPAs marcadores nas diferentes matrizes ambientais analisadas. As campanhas de coleta de material particulado (MP10), deposi\u00e7\u00e3o seca e \u00famida foram realizadas em dois fragmentos florestais (Paul\u00ednia e Campinas) nos per\u00edodos: \u00famido\/12, seco\/12, \u00famido\/13 e seco\/13. Amostras de solo e folhas das esp\u00e9cies arb\u00f3reas foram coletadas nos 04 fragmentos florestais, durante os per\u00edodos: seco\/11, \u00famido\/12, seco\/12 e \u00famido\/13. Foi utilizada a extra\u00e7\u00e3o por Soxhlet para as matrizes s\u00f3lidas, utilizando uma mistura de solventes (diclorometano e hexano, 3:1). Para \u00e1gua de chuva, foi utilizada a extra\u00e7\u00e3o por decanta\u00e7\u00e3o, utilizando a mesma mistura de solventes. Ap\u00f3s extra\u00e7\u00e3o, todas as amostras foram analisadas em HPLC\/FLUO para identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de 14 HPAs divididos em duas categorias: HPAs-leves (2 ou 3 an\u00e9is arom\u00e1ticos) = naftaleno, acenafteno, fluoreno, fenantreno, antraceno, fluoranteno; e HPAs-pesados (mais de 4 an\u00e9is) pireno, benzo(a)antraceno, criseno, benzo(b)fluoranteno, benzo(k)fluoranteno, benzo(a)pireno, dibenzo(a,h)antraceno e benzo(g,h,i)perileno. Em geral, diferen\u00e7as sazonais na concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de HPAs foram evidentes em todas as matrizes amostradas nos diferentes fragmentos florestais. Nas amostras de MP10 e folhas de plantas, encontraram-se maiores concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de HPAs nos per\u00edodos secos, enquanto que nas amostras de solo e \u00e1gua de chuva nos per\u00edodos \u00famidos. Entretanto, n\u00e3o foi poss\u00edvel verificar diferen\u00e7as significativas nas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es totais dos HPAs (\u01a9HPAs) entre os 4 fragmentos florestais, indicando que estes est\u00e3o submetidos \u00e0s mesmas fontes emissoras de HPAs. Entre as esp\u00e9cies avaliadas, P.<\/i> gonoachanta<\/i> foi a mais eficiente no ac\u00famulo de HPAs na \u00e1rea de estudo e foi capaz de indicar poss\u00edveis fontes emissoras. Em todos os fragmentos florestais, houve maior propor\u00e7\u00e3o de HPAs-leves em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos HPAs-pesados, para os per\u00edodos secos e \u00famidos e para as quatro matrizes avaliadas; contudo, em Paul\u00ednia, obtiveram-se maiores concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de HPAs-leves do que nos demais locais. Em Paul\u00ednia, o aporte de HPAs aconteceu preponderantemente atrav\u00e9s do MP10, tanto durante os per\u00edodos \u00famidos como nos secos. O aporte de HPAs via MP10 ao fragmento de floresta de Campinas foi evidentemente menor do que o registrado no fragmento de Paul\u00ednia, mas o aporte via \u00e1gua de chuva pareceu mais importante em Campinas, pelo menos para alguns HPAs. Em ambas as florestas, a remo\u00e7\u00e3o de HPAs ocorreu principalmente atrav\u00e9s das plantas (folhas de P. gonoacantha<\/em>) durante os per\u00edodos secos. Mas, nos per\u00edodos \u00famidos, estimaram-se valores m\u00e9dios de enriquecimento para a maioria dos HPAs similares nas plantas e no solo provenientes da floresta de Paul\u00ednia e maiores no solo do que nas plantas de Campinas, provavelmente devido a maior capacidade de reten\u00e7\u00e3o de umidade do solo desta floresta. Contudo, foi poss\u00edvel monitorar a magnitude do aporte e da remo\u00e7\u00e3o de HPAs, sendo que a Piptadenia gonoacantha<\/em> foi a escolhida como esp\u00e9cie biomonitora. O mapeamento de fontes de emiss\u00e3o de material particulado nas adjac\u00eancias dos fragmentos florestais pode ser evidenciado. O polo industrial petroqu\u00edmico de Paul\u00ednia pareceu ser a mais importante fonte emissora de HPAs para a vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o no seu entorno, principalmente HPAs-leves.
\nPalavras-chave<\/strong>: Florestas brasileiras; HPAs nos tr\u00f3picos; HPAs na vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o; material particulado; \u00e1gua de chuva; solos tropicais<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\"pdf_grande\"<\/a>Ana Paula Lopes Dias
\nAporte e remo\u00e7\u00e3o de hidrocarbonetos polic\u00edclicos arom\u00e1ticos (HPAs) em fragmentos florestais na regi\u00e3o metropolitana de Campinas \u2013 SP<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0VOLTAR AS DISSERTA\u00c7\u00d5ES E TESES<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ana Paula Lopes Dias Ana Paula Lopes Dias defendeu sua tese de doutorado em 25 de mar\u00e7o de 2015 intitulada: Aporte e remo\u00e7\u00e3o de hidrocarbonetos polic\u00edclicos arom\u00e1ticos (HPAs) em fragmentos florestais na regi\u00e3o metropolitana de Campinas \u2013 SP A banca examinadora foi composta pela sua orientadora Profa. Dra. Marisa Domingos, Dra. Christine Laure Marie Bourotte, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":249,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5195"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5195"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6442,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5195\/revisions\/6442"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}