{"id":4821,"date":"2015-12-22T16:16:37","date_gmt":"2015-12-22T18:16:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/?page_id=4821"},"modified":"2015-12-22T16:16:37","modified_gmt":"2015-12-22T18:16:37","slug":"2015-edna-ferreira-rosini","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/2015-edna-ferreira-rosini\/","title":{"rendered":"Edna Ferreira Rosini DR"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"faixapos6\"<\/a><\/h2>\n
\n

Edna Ferreira Rosini<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n

No dia 24 de fevereiro de 2015, a aluna Edna Ferreira Rosini (Bolsista CAPES), do Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente do Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de S\u00e3o Paulo, defendeu sua tese de Doutorado intitulada \u201cRespostas da comunidade fitoplanct\u00f4nica \u00e0 implanta\u00e7\u00e3o de sistema de piscicultura em tanques-rede no Parque Aqu\u00edcola do rio Ponte Pensa, Reservat\u00f3rio de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil\u201d.
\n<\/span>A banca examinadora foi composta pelos professores Dr. Raoul Henry (UNESP), Dr. Andr\u00e9 Cordeiro Alves dos Santos (UFSCar), Dra. Helenice Pereira de Barros (APTA IP), Dra. Denise de Campos Bicudo (IBt) e Dra. Andr\u00e9a Tucci (Orientadora\/IBt).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Edna<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

RESPOSTAS DA COMUNIDADE FITOPLANCT\u00d4NICA \u00c0 IMPLANTA\u00c7\u00c3O DE SISTEMA DE PISCICULTURA EM TANQUES-REDE NO PARQUE AQU\u00cdCOLA DO RIO PONTE PENSA, RESERVAT\u00d3RIO DE ILHA SOLTEIRA, SP, BRASIL<\/h3>\n
\n

RESUMO<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Respostas da comunidade fitoplanct\u00f4nica \u00e0 implanta\u00e7\u00e3o de sistema de piscicultura em tanques-rede no Parque Aqu\u00edcola do Rio Ponte Pensa, Reservat\u00f3rio de Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil<\/strong><\/p>\n

A produ\u00e7\u00e3o de til\u00e1pia no Brasil, em 2011, ultrapassou 253 mil toneladas, 63% a mais que em 2010 (155 mil toneladas). Este aumento na produ\u00e7\u00e3o se deve, principalmente, \u00e0 expans\u00e3o de empreendimentos que utilizam tanques-rede para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de peixes. A cria\u00e7\u00e3o de peixes em tanques-rede \u00e9 uma modalidade de cria\u00e7\u00e3o intensiva, com elevado potencial de impacto ambiental, uma vez que os res\u00edduos gerados pelas sobras da ra\u00e7\u00e3o e excretas dos peixes s\u00e3o lan\u00e7ados diretamente no ambiente aqu\u00e1tico. Estes res\u00edduos aumentam, principalmente, as concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de nitrog\u00eanio e f\u00f3sforo na \u00e1gua, podendo levar ao desenvolvimento de algas e cianobact\u00e9rias. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as altera\u00e7\u00f5es das vari\u00e1veis f\u00edsicas e qu\u00edmicas da \u00e1gua e sua influ\u00eancia sobre a comunidade fitoplanct\u00f4nica ap\u00f3s a instala\u00e7\u00e3o da tilapicultura em tanques-redes em um reservat\u00f3rio. O<\/span> <\/b>estudo foi realizado em piscicultura com tanques-rede de grande volume (1.200 m<\/span>3<\/sup>; 20x20x3m) instalados na \u00e1rea do parque aqu\u00edcola Ponte Pensa (20\u00ba16’34,96”S & 50\u00ba59’02,75”W), reservat\u00f3rio de Ilha Solteira, SP, classificado como oligotr\u00f3fico. Amostras da \u00e1gua foram obtidas mensalmente (agosto\/2011 a julho\/2013), em tr\u00eas profundidades (subsuperf\u00edcie, 2 e 4 metros) e em tr\u00eas esta\u00e7\u00f5es de amostragem: jusante da \u00e1rea de cria\u00e7\u00e3o (E1), local de cria\u00e7\u00e3o (E2) e a montante (E3) (n = 216). As coletas iniciaram-se seis meses antes da instala\u00e7\u00e3o dos tanques. Para an\u00e1lise da comunidade fitoplanct\u00f4nica, as amostras de \u00e1gua foram coletadas com garrafa coletora van Dorn, filtradas em rede de pl\u00e2ncton e preservadas em formol ac\u00e9tico 4%. Para a an\u00e1lise quantitativa da comunidade fitoplanct\u00f4nica e an\u00e1lise das var\u00e1veis f\u00edsicas e qu\u00edmicas da \u00e1gua, as amostras foram coletadas com garrafa coletora. As amostras para as an\u00e1lises quantitativas foram fixadas com lugol ac\u00e9tico (1%) e a contagem foi feita em microsc\u00f3pio invertido. Foram estudadas as seguintes vari\u00e1veis: temperatura da \u00e1gua, pH, oxig\u00eanio dissolvido, condutividade, transpar\u00eancia, turbidez, \u00edon am\u00f4nio, nitrog\u00eanio e f\u00f3sforo total. Foram avaliados os seguintes atributos da comunidade: riqueza (n\u00famero de t\u00e1xons), densidade, biovolume, \u00edndices de diversidade, uniformidade e domin\u00e2ncia. Foram estimadas as esp\u00e9cies abundantes, dominantes e descritoras. Para a an\u00e1lise dos resultados foram utilizadas An\u00e1lise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e An\u00e1lise de Correspond\u00eancia Can\u00f4nica (CCA). A PCA demonstrou que a din\u00e2mica das vari\u00e1veis f\u00edsicas e qu\u00edmicas da \u00e1gua, foi influenciada pela varia\u00e7\u00e3o sazonal nas tr\u00eas esta\u00e7\u00f5es de amostragem e pelas atividades de piscicultura a partir de janeiro de 2013. Ao longo do tempo, foi registrada tend\u00eancia de diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do pH e das concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de oxig\u00eanio dissolvido e aumento nas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de \u00edon am\u00f4nio e f\u00f3sforo total. A partir das amostras analisadas (quantitativas e qualitativas) foram identificados 230 t\u00e1xons distribu\u00eddos em 13 classes. Dentre estes t\u00e1xons, 164 foram em n\u00edvel espec\u00edfico e 55 em n\u00edvel gen\u00e9rico; 74 t\u00e1xons foram descritos e ilustrados. Chlorophyceae foi a classe que apresentou maior riqueza espec\u00edfica (81 t\u00e1xons), seguida por Cyanobacteria (40 t\u00e1xons). A densidade m\u00e1xima registrada foi 1.933 org mL<\/span>-1<\/sup>, valor considerado baixo, mesmo quando comparado com outros ambientes oligotr\u00f3ficos. Cryptophyceae contribuiu com as maiores densidades e biovolumes. Ao longo do per\u00edodo de estudo <\/span>Rhodomonas lacustris<\/em> Pascher & Ruttner\u00a0foi classificada como dominante e <\/span>Cryptomonas brasiliensis<\/em> Castro, Bicudo & Bicudo, como esp\u00e9cie abundante. Esp\u00e9cies de Chlorophyceae e Cyanobacteria foram tamb\u00e9m classificadas como dominantes no per\u00edodo chuvoso. Ap\u00f3s um ano da instala\u00e7\u00e3o dos tanques rede, foram registradas a ocorr\u00eancia e o aumento do biovolume de <\/span>Microcystis aeruginosa <\/em>(K\u00fctzing) K\u00fctzing e <\/span>Dolichospermumcircinalis<\/em> (Rabenhorst ex Bornet & Flahault) P.Wacklin, L.Hoffmann & J.Kom\u00e1rek (Cyanobacteria). Estas duas esp\u00e9cies de cianobact\u00e9rias estiveram associadas \u00e0s maiores concentra\u00e7\u00f5es de \u00edon am\u00f4nio e f\u00f3sforo total. A diversidade estimada variou de 0,5 bits.ind<\/span>-1<\/sup> a 3,6 bits.ind<\/span>-1<\/sup>. Os maiores valores de diversidade e de uniformidade foram registrados no ver\u00e3o, per\u00edodo de temperaturas mais elevadas e de maior precipita\u00e7\u00e3o pluviom\u00e9trica. As an\u00e1lises estat\u00edsticas indicaram altera\u00e7\u00f5es temporais e n\u00e3o espaciais (horizontais e verticais) das vari\u00e1veis f\u00edsicas e qu\u00edmicas da \u00e1gua e na resposta da comunidade fitoplanct\u00f4nica. Ap\u00f3s um ano das atividades de piscicultura, foram detectadas altera\u00e7\u00f5es f\u00edsicas e qu\u00edmicas da \u00e1gua e do fitopl\u00e2ncton como resposta ao incremento do arra\u00e7oamento. No entanto, considerando a qualidade da \u00e1gua para o uso na aquicultura, os valores mensais dos par\u00e2metros analisados estiveram dentro dos padr\u00f5es de qualidade recomendados pela resolu\u00e7\u00e3o CONAMA 357\/2005 para corpos d\u2019\u00e1gua destinados \u00e0 aquicultura. Possivelmente, as caracter\u00edsticas hidrodin\u00e2micas tais como: tempo de resid\u00eancia curto (21,6 dias) e vaz\u00e3o (172 m<\/span>3<\/sup>.s<\/span>-1<\/sup>) da \u00e1rea do Parque aqu\u00edcola Ponte Pensa podem explicar as semelhan\u00e7as entre as tr\u00eas esta\u00e7\u00f5es de amostragem, mitigando o impacto da atividade de piscicultura em tanques-rede na estrutura e din\u00e2mica da comunidade fitoplanct\u00f4nica, bem como nas vari\u00e1veis f\u00edsicas e qu\u00edmicas analisadas.
\n<\/span>Palavras-chave<\/strong>: Cryptophyceae, Microcystis aeruginosa<\/em>, piscicultura, \u00edon am\u00f4nio, oligotr\u00f3fico.<\/p>\n

Responses of phytoplankton community to fish farming system deployment in net cages in the aquaculture area in Ponte Pensa river,\u00a0 Ilha Solteira reservoir, SP, Brazil<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tilapia production in Brazil in 2011 was over 253 thousand tons, 63% more than in 2010 (155 thousand tons). This increase in production is mainly due to the expansion of fish farming companies that employ net cages for fish production. Fish farming in net cages is an intensive farming modality, which can highly impact the environment since the residues from the fish non-ingested food and excreta are directly released in the aquatic environment. These residues mainly increase concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous in the water and can lead to the development of algae and cyanobacteria. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the changes of the water physical and chemical variables and its influence on the phytoplankton community after installation of a fish farming system to produce tilapias in net cages in a reservoir. The study was carried out on fish farming with large volume net cages, 1,200 m3 (20x20x3m) installed in the Ponte Pensa aquaculture area (20\u00ba16’34.96”S & 50\u00ba59’02.75”W), in Ilha Solteira reservoir, SP, classified as oligotrophic. Water samples were collected monthly (August\/2011 to July\/2013), in three different depths (subsurface, 2 and 4 meters) and in three sampling sites: upstream from the fish farming area (E1), farming area (E2) and downstream (E3) (n = 216). Sampling started six months before installation of the cages. For the phytoplankton community analysis, the water samples were collected with van Dorn collecting bottles, filtered with plankton nets and preserved in 4% formol. For the quantitative analysis of the phytoplankton community and the analysis of the water physical and chemical variables, samples were collected with collecting bottles. Samples for quantitative analyses were preserved in Lugol and the counting was performed on inverted microscope. The following variables were studied: water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, transparence, turbidity, ammonia, nitrogen and total phosphorous. The following attributes of the community were evaluated: richness (taxa number), density, biovolume, diversity index, uniformity and dominance. Abundant, dominant and descriptor species were estimated. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to analyze the results. PCA showed that the dynamics of the water physical and chemical variables were influenced by seasonal variables in the three sampling sites and by fish farming activities as of January 2013. In time, pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations tended to decrease and turbidity, ammonia and total phosphorous concentrations tended to increase. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the samples, it was possible to identify 230 taxa from 13 classes. Among these taxa, 164 were in specific level and 55 in generic level; 74 taxa were described and illustrated. Chlorophyceae was the class that presented the most specific richness (81 taxa), followed by Cyanobacteria (40 taxa). The maximum density recorded was 1,933 org ml-1, considered a low value, even when compared with other oligotrophic environments. Cryptophyceae contributed with the biggest densities and biovolumes. Along the studied period, Rhodomonas lacustris<\/em> Pascher & Ruttner was classified as dominant and Cryptomonas brasiliensis<\/em> Castro, Bicudo & Bicudo, as the abundant species. Chlorophyceae and Cyanobacteria species were also classified as dominant in the rainy period. One year after net cage installation, occurrence and increase in biovolume of Microcystis aeruginosa<\/em> (K\u00fctzing) K\u00fctzing and Dolichospermum circinalis<\/em> (Rabenhorst ex Bornet & Flahault) P.Wacklin, L.Hoffmann & J.Kom\u00e1rek (Cyanobacteria) were recorded. These two species of cyanobacteria were associated with higher concentrations of ammonia and total phosphorous. The estimated diversity varied from 0.5 bits.ind-1 to 3.6 bits.ind-1. The highest diversity and uniformity values were recorded in the summer, a period with the highest temperatures and greatest rainfall. Statistical analyses indicated temporal, and not spatial (horizontal and vertical) changes in the dynamics of the water physical and chemical variables and in the response of the phytoplankton community. One year after fish farming started, changes were detected in the water physical and chemical variables and in the phytoplankton as a response to the increased feeding. However, considering the water quality for fish farming, the monthly values of the analyzed parameters complied with the standards recommended by CONAMA 357\/2005 resolution for water bodies destined to fish farming. The hydrodynamics such as: short residence time (21.6 days) and flow (172 m3.s-1) of Ponte Pensa fish farming area may explain the similarities among the three sampling sites, mitigating the impact of the fish farming activity in net cages on the structure and dynamics of the phytoplankton community as well as on the analyzed physical and chemical variables.
\nKey words: <\/b>Cryptophyceae, Microcystis aeruginosa<\/em>, fish farming, ammonia, oligotrophic.<\/p>\n

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\"pdf_grande\"<\/a>nome completo
\nt\u00edtulo<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00a0VOLTAR AS DISSERTA\u00c7\u00d5ES E TESES<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Edna Ferreira Rosini No dia 24 de fevereiro de 2015, a aluna Edna Ferreira Rosini (Bolsista CAPES), do Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente do Instituto de Bot\u00e2nica de S\u00e3o Paulo, defendeu sua tese de Doutorado intitulada \u201cRespostas da comunidade fitoplanct\u00f4nica \u00e0 implanta\u00e7\u00e3o de sistema de piscicultura em tanques-rede no Parque Aqu\u00edcola […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4821"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4821"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4821\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infraestruturameioambiente.sp.gov.br\/pgibt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}